The Problem with Taking Too Many Vitamins essays

The Problem with Taking Too Many Vitamins expositions One of my companions is taking uber portions of nutrient A, C, B-6, and E since she thinks they assist her with remaining sound. I had her plunk down with me, so I could disclose to her progressively about the nutrients she is taking. I enlightened her regarding the beneficial things every nutrient does how she can get these nutrients different ways and what happens when taking super portions. I began with nutrient An and disclosed to her that the measurement necessity every day is 700 mcg. Nutrient A can perform various tasks; it has various capacities in the body. All the cells in the body need nutrient A to create and work appropriately. Typical bone development and improvement, and even the eyes utilize this nutrient. It is critical to have this in her body, yet she should be cautious the amount she places in. There are simple methods of getting nutrient An in her body without taking an enhancement. I referenced that creature nourishments, for example, liver, margarine, fish, fish oils and eggs are acceptable sources. There are even the nourishments that are strengthened with the nutrient during handling. What's more, for the rich wellsprings of beta-carotene she could eat carrots, spinach, pumpkin, yams and different varietys that are dim in shading. At long last, I disclosed to her how I was worried that she could be taking excessively. In the event that taking in excess of 3000 mcg daily, at that point her liver could be harmed in light of the fact that this is the fundamental site for the nutrient stockpiling. I advised her to look for any signs on the off chance that she keeps on continuing taking huge sums. Those signs would be; cerebral pain, queasiness, regurgitating, visual unsettling influences, going bald, bone torment, and bone breaks. Nutrient C is just required in limited quantities. The RDA is at 75 mg daily for us ladies. Nutrient C plays out an assortment of significant cell capacities, principally by giving electrons to different mixes. It additionally takes an interest in responses that frame and look after collagen, assumes a job in the bodys resistant capacity, and the nutrient is fundamental for the union of bile and certain synapses. Likewise it is invol... <!

Walmart in China free essay sample

Enchantment of the stripes notwithstanding the satellite framework, Walmart has guided the best approach to other noteworthy innovations that had different retailers follow. In 1988, Walmart was the primary retail organization who utilized the standardized identification framework as the all inclusive naming framework (Walmart, http://walmartstores. com/aboutus/7603. aspx, 2011). The productively of the standardized tag framework gave Walmart the capacity to diminish store inventories and the expense of keeping things in distribution center. The standardized identification framework likewise makes it feasible for Walmart to record deals of every thing for progressively precise deals investigation, in light of the fact that the scanner tag framework worked so well, 99 percent of Walmart stores adjusted this technology(Walmart, http://walmartstores. com/aboutus/7603. aspx, 2011). Be that as it may, it additionally made another issue for Walmart providers. One of the key bits of the standardized tag framework is the Universal Product Code (UPC), the UPC is a stamp with high contrast stripes and numbers on the base that permits a standardized tag scanner to examine the item. We will compose a custom article test on Walmart in China or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Getting the UPC code isn’t as simple as print it on the crate and ships it out to Walmart. To start with, Walmart requires all their potential providers to record an assessment with Dun amp; Bradstreet for an assessment of the company’s monetary standing, second, purchase a participation from Uniform Code Councils GS1 that cost at any rate $750 in addition to a yearly expense that bases on the company’s deals in addition to cost of each UPC on the item (Washingtonpost, 2007). Base on the expense, in the event that you are huge organization like PepsiCo or Johnson amp; Johnson the charges are generally little, yet on the off chance that you are a little mother and pop business the charges can eat up the majority of your business income. In any case, Jon Lehman who was a Walmart Manager who oversaw six stores said during a meeting with PBS. org(PBS. organization, 2004) â€Å"you can follow deals on explicit things, explicit weeks, explicit days, explicit hours of the day, when you sell stock the most. You can discover what size of toothpaste is your smash hit, what seasons you sell that toothpaste. You can follow deals spikes during the year, during certain regular periods†. the advantage of the scanner tag framework gives Walmart the influence capacity to have every one of their providers incorporate standardized tag in their items, which was the first run through, a retailer have control over the provider. Walmart’s Cross Docking In the retail race for endurance, an ever increasing number of retailers are discovering approaches to decrease stock expense and transportation cost. At that point during the 1980s, Walmart started to utilize a strategic procedure call the â€Å"cross-docking†. This is a path for the wrapped merchandise to legitimately be get from a supplier’s fabricating plant, and afterward transport the products to the clients without putting away it. The cross docking give gigantic advantage, First, decrease taking care of and transportation cost, the item won't need to go to another capacity area to be hang tight for get. Second, Cut item hold up time, the item will invest less energy in distribution center and additional time making a course for convey to the client, it is particularly significant if the items are time delicate, for example, milk or delivers. Walmart stores can diminish the money related lost from lessening cost of the item since it is near the termination day. Third, item presently have less opportunities to be harmed during transportation, in the past times, items regularly must be moved however a wide range of areas before it is dispatched to the stores, the cross docking wipes out the requirements of going to various circulation areas, as figure 1 shows, all items currently will just go to a brought together arranging office before it’s sent to different Walmart stores. Be that as it may, the most critical bit of leeway of cross docking is the diminished warehousing, one of the cross docking fundamental advantages is the capacity to rapidly move items, along these lines, increment the turnaround time during warehousing. Walmart stores can convey more items and can put away more in the distribution center. Figure 1 Downfall of Barcode System The standardized identification framework gave certain strategic advantage since Sam Walton began the organization, yet as time push ahead and more supplies should be move across distribution center floor; the time is up for a substitution. The innovative limitations of the standardized tag framework are speed, range and strength. The principal significant deficit is that the standardized tag requires the view technology(RFID-Journal, 2011), which implies for the standardized tag to be perused, there must be a laser scanner inside the view for it to get the data in the standardized identification. As per International Logistics by Richard Stewart and Pierre David â€Å"Transportation is subject to a foundation that permits the development of goods†. Because of the view limitation logisticians need to plan the distribution center certain approaches to permit scanner tag framework to be peruse or bring costly human works into the image. Second, since it requires laser scanner to examine the items, just each thing can be perused in turn. Third, standardized identifications marks are defenseless against every day mileage. Permit me to ask, have you encountered a period where you or the store clerk attempt to check the standardized identification and you put the standardized tag over the red scanner a few times, however the scanner neglected to get the standardized tag. That’s a case of harmed scanner tag. Because of the idea of standardized identification, when the widths of the high contrast lines are harmed, it is unthinkable for the scanners to get. Because of the impediments in standardized tag innovation, Walmart actualized another innovation call RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) in its calculated framework. Capacity to the RIFD In 2003(Webster, 2008), Walmart had begun the planning to incorporate the RFID innovation into its flexibly chain. The RFID joined the enhancements over scanner tag framework in go, understanding rate and strength into a solitary chip. It is an arrangement of little electronic stickers that can in a split second communicate radio sign to the RFID collector and reliably update its area. Along these lines, logisticians can connect between the advanced and physical world with no human correspondence. The RFID had another bit of leeway it’s ready to peruse the information and know absolutely what thing it is and the lapse date on the thing. For instance, the RFID can reveal to Walmart which orange squeezes in which fridges will lapse, so the representatives can move the soon to terminate orange squeezes in the first column. Walmart then required its 100 providers to incorporate RFID innovation in their bundling and trusting it will comprehend the issues where things are not prepared on the selife. As per Ron Moser, RFID technique pioneer at Walmart, Around 2 percent of every lost deal are because of the straightforward certainty a store has come up short on a thing, however 41 percent of the lost deals are because of stock issue, If RFID can fix only 10 percent of that issue, at that point Wal-Mart will pick up $287 million every year by evading lost deals. â₠¬  Since 2007, Walmart has profited a 30 percent decrease of out-of-stocks; decrease of abundance stock in the flexibly chain says Walmart CIO and Executive Vice President Rollin Ford(Walmart, Wal-Mart Continues RFID Technology Expansion, 2007). What's more, If join the numbers from Moser and Ford, that is a sparing of 861 million per year, since the mix of RFID. The innovation has substantiated itself as the awesome cash guardian angel for Walmart’s calculated framework. In addition, Walmart has likewise driven the RFID into one of their most productive outside market, China. Walmart’s RFID Influence in China In talking about global coordinations, on the off chance that Walmart requires every one of their providers to incorporate RFID chips, at that point they will likewise need to require universal organizations to do likewise. Begun in 2009(ChinaRetailNews. com, 2008), Walmart affected the Chinese flexibly chain by constraining every Chinese provider to have RFID chips incorporate with their items. Not just in this way, Walmart likewise made harder guidelines on the Chinese providers which made a much upsetting time for the Chinese makes to adjust. Returning to the very first moment, the Walmart RFID development began in January 2005 of every a dissemination community in Dallas says computerworld. com (Songini, 2006). From the start, Walmart required around 100 of its providers in to have RFID chip introduced, at that point in two years from that point onward, in January 2007, 600 providers executed the innovation. Base on the verifiable survey of the U. S. organizations, it was simpler for U. S. ompanies to incorporate of the RFID chip, overhaul the data framework and warehousing innovations. Then again, the greater part of the Chinese organizations were all the while utilizing human works for their flexibly chain the executives. It wasn’t that the Chinese fabricates didn’t need to move up to RFID. The innovation framework only wasn’t there. Agreeing the p hysorg. com, a large portion of the organizations in South China â€Å"Don’t comprehend and are inexperienced with the technology† There was various issues that Walmart expected to explain before actualizing the RFID thought into the psyche of Chinese providers. To start with, at what level would it influence China? Non military personnel guidelines or government guidelines or both? Second, what number of Chinese providers are fit for sending the RFID innovation; third, what number of them have known about RIFD innovation. The Chinese RFID venture Two of the significant market passage systems that a global logistician should comprehend before entering an outside market are the innovation framework and the quality of various degrees of advancement. Does the Chinese have it the stuff to update its Infrastructure? What's more, does the potential exchange advantage exceed cost? Luckily, the Chinese government had an arrangement to extend its coordinations framework I

Scenario Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Situation - Case Study Example These are the basic suspicions on which my reaction is defined. A thought of the more clear issues drives me to propose that the waste and trash issue can be effortlessly helped. We will quickly tidy up the waste and trash in the water and land around the docks and eatery territories, and will put in new, strong, splendidly shaded junk and trash compartments, very much stamped and of sufficient size. Appealing signs, utilizing a funny methodology (stifling pontoons with passionate articulation), will be put at each junk and trash can, to welcome utilization. Disposed of things around the fix and upkeep office will be discarded appropriately, off-site, as per the law. The extra parts put away in 55 gallon oil drums will be secured. The oily garbage outside the stockroom entryways will be cleaned, and kept clean, and the source assessed and shortened. Wellbeing channels will be introduced around territories with fluid stockpiling tanks of paints, solvents, tars and different materials, and these zones will be shielded from downpour by material and, if fundamental, walled in area. The security channels will be cleared out consistently to forestall flood. All poisons and toxins will be discarded in consistence with the law. As a boatyard and marina, we have to get a conventional NPDES grant, which includes the structure and usage of a Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) for Best Management Practices to shield the conduits from poisons contained in the oil, paints and solvents utilized and accidentally kept on our site. An administration board of trustees will be selected to make our arrangement and apply for the NPDES grant. The application, license help and an example plan are accessible on the web (State of Florida, 2011). The panel will be encouraged to painstakingly counsel these assets, and furthermore to acquire other specialized help and coaching, on the side of this task. To get legitimate data, coaching and specialized help, both on location and s eparation prompting, our marina will apply to join The Florida Clean Marina Program (Fish-Tale Marina, 2008) and get official assignment. This will give structure, consistency and objective direction to the board. Moreover, all Area Managers will be coordinated to painstakingly acclimate themselves with applicable segments of an especially helpful Marina Environmental Best Management Practices Web Site (New York Sea Grant, 2008), as a model for suggesting and executing new region methodology. Methods which limit contamination hazard will be assessed and embraced, including, for instance, dustless sanders, canvas walled in areas, non-poisonous paints, ordinary fuel tank reviews, careful depleting of fuel tanks before squander removal, utilizing cleaning solvents that are not chlorinated, ammoniated or oil based, legitimate cleaning and removal of spills, fitting administration of floor empties, and secured insurance from precipitation. Zone Management gatherings will be held to offic ially underwrite suggested techniques for every region. A Clean Area Award framework will be executed to energize agreeable rivalry among representatives. The month to month award(s) for Cleanest Area(s) will include a prize of doughnuts and sans sugar,

Danger Signs on Where Can I Buy a Paper for College You Need to Know

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Analysis Of Capital Asset Pricing Model Scenarios Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 890 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Diversification refers to the strategies of reducing economic risk by investing in assets whose performance is not affected by the same economic variables. A group of assets forms a portfolio. A company can have two types of economic risks; financial risks and total operating risks. Financial risk results from use of debt capital in the companys structure and it is usually measured using the gearing ratio. Gearing ratio is found by dividing total debt capital with equity and then multiplying the quotient with a hundred percent. The higher the gearing ratio the higher the risk The total operating risk is the fluctuation of the companys expected earnings of portfolio due to the nature of the industry in which the company operates. Total risk is a combination of systematic and unsystematic risk. Systematic risk is the variation in return of securities due to factors which systematically affect all firms adversely such as war, recession and high interest rate. Syst ematic risks are therefore not diversifiable and the concept of diversification cannot apply to them. Based on this argument then, it is correct to say that a large fire that relentlessly affects three major U.S. cites is a systematic risk and systematic risks are not diversifiable. Unsystematic risk is the variation in return of a company or a security due to factors unique or specific to a particular company or portfolio. These are the factors such as legal suits, winning or losing in a major contract, successful or unsuccessful marketing strategy. Since these events are random, they can be eliminated by diversification where bad events in one firm will be offset by a good event in the other. A significant anticipated increase in oil prices and a major legal suit against a public company are unsystematic risks which can be eliminated by portfolio diversification. Factors affecting the efficiency of a portfolio include the number of securities forming the portfolio and the na ture of relationship between return of security forming the portfolio. Research has shown that between twenty and twenty five well selected securities will form an efficient portfolio. The nature of relationship between return of security forming the portfolio can either be positive or negative. Security returns are assumed to have a negative relationship if a given economic factor affects their performance in the opposite direction. Therefore for risk diversification negative relationship is recommended. Capital asset pricing model Given that the return of asset i is 10%, the risk free rate is 3% and the Beta (b) for Asset I is 1.5 the expected rate of return of the market portfolio is given by: Expected return of market portfolio will be abbreviated as E_Rm Beta for asset I will be abbreviated as B_i Risk free rate will be abbreviated as R_f Market return for asset I will be abbreviated as R_i E_Rm = R_f + B_i (R_i- R_f ) E_Rm = 3% + 1.5 (10% 3%) = 13.5 If the expected rate of return on asset j is 14%, the Beta of the asset is 1.5 and the expected return on the market portfolio is 12% then by rearranging the CAPM we can find the risk free rate. 12% = R_f + 1.5 (14% -? R?_f ) 21%-12%=1.5 R_f- ? R?_f 0.5 ? R?_f = 9 ? R?_f = 18% The Beta of an entire market portfolio is usually equal to one therefore the Beta of a portfolio containing half of the stocks in the entire market is zero point five (0.5) Message of CAPM to corporate and investors CAPM allows the analyst to split the total risk of security into portions namely diversifiable and non diversifiable risk. It provides a framework for measuring systematic risk of an individual security and relating it to the systematic risk of a well diversified portfolio. CAPM states that the risk that remains after diversification can be measured by the degree to which the given stock tends to move up and down in the market (the sensitivity of the returns to changes in mark et portfolio). Systematic risk can be measured by Beta factor. To investors and corporate CAPM allows them to identify extent of diversifiable risk in their portfolio and contrasts this risk to an ideal portfolio. CAPM also allows investors and corporate apply the security market line (SML). The tradeoff between market risk and return in a well diversified portfolio is represented by the security market line. This is important for corporate as they strive to achieve optimal market portfolio in order to achieve the best return and attract investors. SML is similar to capital market line (CML) except in the following ways; CML deals with total risk as measured by standard deviation while SML deals with systematic risk as measured by beta factor. The CML deals with efficient portfolios while the SML deals with individual security. Since investors deal with individual securities they can apply SML. Corporations can use CML since they are interested in total risk. The main message of CAPM is therefore; a market portfolio is representative of all the securities in the market, a security with a Beta factor equal to one means all securities in the market are represented in the in the portfolio, a security with a Beta factor more than one is said to be more sensitive and less than one is sad to be less sensitive. The risk free rate is represented by the treasury bills and government bonds rate of return. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Analysis Of Capital Asset Pricing Model Scenarios Finance Essay" essay for you Create order

Strength of the Human Spirit Revealed by Ivan Denisovich...

Strength of the Human Spirit Revealed in One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich Life can be incredibly hard at times; nearly everyone encounters a period of time when circumstances become unbearably difficult. Imagine being assigned to ten years of unceasing and tremendous hardships, as is the plight of the protagonist in One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich by Alexander Solzhenitsyn. This book describes in detail only one day of Ivans ten-year sentence in a Russian work camp in the 1950s. During this day, which is like most others, he is starved, nearly frozen, overworked, and punished unjustly; however, as the day unfolds, it is obvious that Ivan will never give up and never give in. The character of Ivan Denisovich is a†¦show more content†¦As Ivan dresses, he remembers with disgust that his work gang may be assigned to a new job, building a Socialist Community Development in the middle of a cold field covered in icy snow. A fellow prisoner claims, Its at least twenty below (6) outside and Ivan knows that the only way he and his gang will keep warm out on the field will be to work hard and fast, which will be difficult given the conditions and limited food rations. Ivan and his gang know that the men in the other gangs are just as weak as they are; no other gang receives any more food rations, or more clothing than they do. Regardless, the gang boss plans to palm the job off on some other gang (4). In a struggle for survival, nearly all human beings will gladly pawn their pain and hardships off onto other, struggling human beings. Therefore, Ivan and his gang act only as any other humans would act in such a situation. The symbolism is apparent when it is understood that humans, even those who are not in such extreme positions of survival as a Russian work camp, act in this manner. Ivan and his gang, in their time of desperate struggle, reflect the actions of average human beings in simple, day-to-day struggles. Ivan, at this point, has lived in the camp for eight years. Before his arrest, he had been a carpenter and a soldier with a family, and a life of his own, and now, because of harsh physical and emotional conditions, he has become hard; even his

Global Marketing and Communication

Questions: 1. Discuss the global, local and Glocal Strategies of marketing mix components.2. Discussion on the target market of Pizza Hut. Answers: Introduction Marketing and communication are two key aspects which a particular company needs to take into account while working in the local as well as in the local market. It is extremely important to mention that most of the multinational companies nowadays are focused on developing a strong platform where they can work all around the world with a single marketing plan with little modifications. On the other hand communication is also an important aspect in the business which helps a company to implement its plans effectively (Czinkota Ronakainen, 2013). There are number of factors that underpin global marketing in the contemporary business environment and hence it is extremely essential for companies to have a fair bit of knowledge about global marketing mix and its components. On the other hand it is also important for companies to develop target market. The present study will delve deep into the discussion of the two key components of marketing which are products and price and it will also entail discussion of the procedure of targeting regions for the sale of products and services and different discussions to underpin the study. The present study will be supported with the case study of Pizza Hut (Goi, 2009). Pizza Hut is one of the worlds largest pizza chains with over 12000 pizza stations and delivery outlets in the world. The company has been able to gain huge market share with its unique product marketing and effective pricing. Pizza Hut as a brand has always focused on satisfying wide number of people in different segments and different target areas. In the recent past Pizza Hut has focused on exploring new markets which has had impetus on its marketing plan. Pizza Hut has come up with different marketing concepts which have helped the company to develop its global market. The company has always tried to have different marketing strategy for different regions which have helped it come closer to its targeted audience. Since the company has had different marketing strategies and have targeted different audience groups which makes the choice of Pizza Hut the case study company absolutely justified (Gordon, 2012). 1. Discuss the global, local and Glocal Strategies of marketing mix components Pizza Hut is a company that works worldwide and has wide and loyal customer base. It is important to mention that Pizza Hut tries to focus on the different target markets and hence it is important that the company understands the different strategies to address different markets. Pizza Hut targets the global market that makes it extremely important for the company to develop a strong marketing plan which would help the company to address a bigger market. The main focus of the company is to fulfill the objectives of the organisation which is to satisfy the customers. Since the company focuses on the worldwide business it becomes important that the company emphasises on its marketing plan (Kotler Armstrong, 2010). The company frames different plans for global business, for local business and finally for both the regions global and local. Even though the company lay stress on all the different components of marketing mix but it especially tries to focus on the two key aspects of the marketing mix which are products and price. Since the company focuses on the development of its business both locally and globally it has to work on these aspects effectively. For Pizza Hut working on these key aspects is important since the food industry is highly competitive and it has huge competition (Dann, 2010). Local Strategy Pizza hut has a unique take on the local strategy Pizza Hut has always tried to target diverse population segments based on the demographics, psychographics and frame its marketing plan accordingly which would help the company to reach its target audience effectively. It is important to mention that the company addresses its local customers in different ways. The company comes up with different marketing mix strategies which helps the company to emphasise on its chosen market effectively. Pizza Huts local pricing and product strategy is largely influenced by the local market. Pizza Hut is mostly known for its Italian products which is pizza and hence the company tries to have unique approach to its products and pricing when addressing the local customers. Its unique strategy is focused on developing the local market. Pizza huts approach to its product development in the local market is done with the help of market research. The company focuses on selling the authentic pizzas and work s on keeping the traditions. In its local market in USA the company focuses making quick tacos, hamburgers and pizzas which help people to meet their demands and needs. Pizza Hut has developed its local market mostly for quick breakfast in its outlets (Papadopoulos Heslop, 2014). In Italy the place of origination of Pizzas the company has focused on developing a great market by introducing Tuscani Pizza which first came in Italy itself with thin crust and gourmet stuff. Its unique way of working globally and thinking locally also came into practice through its products where the company has been able to impress the older Italian adults by inviting them to taste the pizzas to test the quality of the product sold by the company in Italy which was a very much global policy but placed in a local manner. It is also important to mention that working in its local market in America Pizza Hut first introduced which has become a worldwide craze for people that is the Pan fried Pizza which ha s been highly appreciated by the local American citizens Pricing strategy has always been a key factor for Pizza Hut in this highly competitive market. The price strategy of Pizza Hut is premium Price Skimming strategy where the price is kept fixed even if the demand is high or during the time when the demand is low. The price skimming procedure has helped the company to keep its standard in a higher level and has driven many consumers to buy from this company as many people love to buy expensive food just for self satisfaction (Ghauri Cateora, 2010). Global Strategy Pizza Hut is a global business and hence the company focuses on strategising its business as per the area it is serving. Global basis Pizza Huts product strategy has always been unique as the company has assessed each global market effectively and acted globally cum locally which has been an immensely effective product strategy for the company. For instance in Malaysia Pizza Hut introduced the famous Italian American Pan Pizza which has been largely appreciated by the consumers in the Malaysian market. In India with the help of effective promotion Pizza Hut has been able to capture the market and also in order to continue with its Think Global Act Local campaign the company does not use beef in its pizzas given the culture of the country. It is important to mention that this has also made pizza hut a household name all over India. Along with Pizzas it also sells Great Indian Treat, Tandoori Treat in India, In china it sells Sangria and Escargot along with pizzas which makes the consu mers feel at home and makes the company local even when its a foreign company (Kamaladevi, 2010). The products strategy for Pizza Hut stands to be highly concentrated on the taste and preference of the local consumers. It tries to focus on selling products which are highly preferable in a particular area. For instance when it sells its food in the locales of the Britain it emphasises on providing the authentic British taste which helps the company to gain interest among the consumers. The products in the global regions always differ since it helps to develop a strong market base overseas (Teng, 2010). The pricing strategy of Pizza Hut is somehow kept the same even in the global market. But its marketing procedure or price skimming procedure are also tactfully handled. It is important to mention that the company provides numerous offers and freebies with a particular worth of buying which attracts people. In global markets like in India and Malaysia the company understands it has large market share and hence its skimming strategy doesnt affect the sale and rather increases it given its effective and high quality food and wonderful receptions. Even in local market the company skimming strategy helps as most of the pizza companies have something better to offer like Papa Johns traditional pizza and Dominos buy one get one free offers (Srivastava, 2009). Glocal Strategy Glocal strategy mainly the amalgamation of the local as well as the global strategy for marketing mix. It helps addressing both the international as well as the local market. As per the marketing theory Product mix of a company is extremely important to address both local and global needs and Pizza Hut has been successful in doing that. In global market where working people are off to work early and do not get time for lunch dining in a restaurant Pizza Hut has come up with the Pan Pizza for one which has been widely appreciated especially in USA and European nation. For the local market in America and to satisfy the local consumers Pizza Hut has come up with The Big New Yorker Pizza which is especially sold in the US and in no other countries to treat the local customers properly and continue the relationship with them. It is important to mention that most local market of Pizza Hut is highly competitive but due to the effective product strategy the company has retained its market sh ares (Varadarajan, 2010). It could be said that when Pizza Hut is addressing the local market with such catch lines it gives a similar kind of approach even to the global market. It is important to mention that when the company works in countries like India and Malaysia, China, Japan its marketing procedures make the brand local brand and it strategises its product development effectively. When working in the global market it uses taglines to attract consumers which are similar even for the local market. Globally the company has introduced many effective things which have helped the company to gain the global market share equally effectively. Think Global Act Local is another unique strategy that the company has got is the delivery system which has been effective enough for the company both locally and globally. It could be said that the 30mins pizza delivery challenge has been highly effective for the company in all parts of the world which has been immensely effective for the comp any. The company promises to make a pizza order delivery within 30mins from the time of booking which has become key concept in the pizza industry all over the world and has also helped to develop a strong platform for the company. This concept was initially launched in its local market which again justifies the companys Glocal strategy especially in terms of products (Ding et al., 2010). Similarly Pizza Hut has made its price a strong weapon to drive consumers and it has helped to gain upper hand in the market as the company has already proven its worth and quality in the market. Overall it could be said that the pricing strategy taken up by the company is effective both locally and globally given its quality food and commitments towards the consumers which has helped the company to come a long way (Beydoun et al., 2011). 2. Discussion on the target market of Pizza Hut In the study of marketing Segmentation, Targeting and positioning is given paramount importance. Especially targeting is extremely important. As per the classical theory of Marketing targeting could be defined as the choosing of a particular segment of audience to address in the market. Targeting is an extremely important concept for Pizza Hut and it emphasises highly on the effective targeting of the consumers not only locally but also globally since it is a globally recognised brand in the market. It is important to mention that there is huge amount of research that goes into the choice of markets to target. Demographic Segmentation of the market: Age based Segmentation The segmentation of the markets is done in a very prudent manner as the company focuses on addressing the global audience at the same time when it focuses to address the local consumers (Wood, 2011). Hence it becomes extremely important for the company to make its targeting decisions effectively. Normally Pizza Hut focuses on a specific market which has been segmented demographically based on age mostly. Even in the global arena the company focuses on targeting the consumers between the age group of 12 to 45 which involves the teenagers, the youths and the middle aged people. Hence it could be said that the segmentation is done demographically based on age and also regionally which helps the company to address the needs and wants of the customers from the different regions accordingly (Bostrom et al., 2013). The targeted age groups has been chosen by the company as it mainly focuses on informing and creating awareness about pizza among this age group which forms a substantial part of every country as well as since this age group is funny and adventurous and like to explore as well as taste different things they love pizzas designed by the company and hence this justifies the choice of the primary targeted audience of pizza hut (Terpstra et al., 2012). Conclusion The present study has discussed the key aspects of marketing mix and also discussed about the targeting and brand positioning of Pizza Hut. The present study has been able to make us understand the importance of the key components of the global marketing and communication which has helped to complete the study successfully. References Beydoun, M. A., Powell, L. M., Chen, X., Wang, Y. (2011). Food prices are associated with dietary quality, fast food consumption, and body mass index among US children and adolescents.The Journal of nutrition,141(2), 304-311. Bostrom, A., Bhm, G., O'Connor, R. E. (2013). Targeting and tailoring climate change communications.Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change,4(5), 447-455. Czinkota, M. R., Ronkainen, I. A. (2013).International marketing. Cengage Learning. Dann, S. (2010). Redefining social marketing with contemporary commercial marketing definitions.Journal of Business Research,63(2), 147-153. Ding, M., Ross, W. T., Rao, V. R. (2010). Price as an indicator of quality: implications for utility and demand functions.Journal of Retailing,86(1), 69-84. Ghauri, P. N., Cateora, P. R. (2010).International marketing(pp. 15-16). McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Goi, C. L. (2009). A review of marketing mix: 4Ps or more?.International journal of marketing studies,1(1), 2. Gordon, R. (2012). Re-thinking and re-tooling the social marketing mix.Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ),20(2), 122-126. He, W., Zha, S., Li, L. (2013). Social media competitive analysis and text mining: A case study in the pizza industry.International Journal of Information Management,33(3), 464-472. Kamaladevi, B. (2010). Customer experience management in retailing.Business Intelligence Journal,3(1), 37-54. Kotler, P., Armstrong, G. (2010).Principles of marketing. pearson education. Papadopoulos, N., Heslop, L. A. (2014).Product-country images: Impact and role in international marketing. Routledge. Srivastava, R. K. (2009). Measuring brand strategy: can brand equity and brand score be a tool to measure the effectiveness of strategy?.Journal of Strategic Marketing,17(6), 487-497. Teng, L. (2009). A comparison of two types of price discounts in shifting consumers' attitudes and purchase intentions.Journal of Business Research,62(1), 14-21. Terpstra, V., Foley, J., Sarathy, R. (2012).International marketing. Naper Press. Varadarajan, R. (2010). Strategic marketing and marketing strategy: domain, definition, fundamental issues and foundational premises.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,38(2), 119-140. Wood, M. B. (2011).The marketing plan handbook. Pearson Higher Ed.

Jekyll And Hyde Essays - English-language Films, Films,

Jekyll And Hyde The duplicity of man is a key theme in the novel, The Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde. The separation of Jekyll into two beings, Jekyll and Hyde, is an allegory for humankind's conflicting forces of good and evil. These characters bring to life the inner struggle between the two powers of the soul. Jekyll portrays the good side of human nature in this narrative. He is the protagonist of the novel. Dr. Jekyll is an intelligent, tall, and dignified man of late middle age. The people who know him respect him. He is a wealthy man and lives in comfort in a good house with loyal servants. On the surface, he is the epitome of the Victorian gentleman. But he has a dark side, and he harbors secret passions. Jekyll is not supposed to represent pure good, rather, the whole of a person. The heights of virtue and the depths of vice are both extremes Jekyll possesses. From the start of the story, Jekyll is aware of this dual nature. Knowing this, he concocts a potion that will separate the two. These separate entities come in the form of Jekyll and Hyde. A stark contrast of the two beings is evident at the time of Jekylls first interaction with the potion. Jekyll, a big and pleasant looking man was transformed into Hyde, a man with distorted frame and ugly countenance. Hydes youth and small, distorted stature can be linked to the inactive malevolence within Jekyll. At first, Jekyll is in complete control of the appearance of Hyde, having him only appear when he so wills. At this point, the good is much stronger and has control over the evil. As the iniquity within Jekyll, begins to be exercised with more regularity, it becomes more potent. Jekyll loses contact first with his good side and then with his friends. The more he plays at being Hyde the more he is cut off from their good worth. With this newfound clout, Hyde begins to appear without Jekylls beckoning. This foreshadows that the evil of the human soul now begins to prevail over the once dominant good. The callous murder of Sir Danvers Carew provides the reader with a sense that malice has won complete control over merit. Jekyll is now faced with a question of morality. Should he let the evil reign, or should he quash the being he has created along with himself. It has become clear to Jekyll that he can no longer go on with this fa?ade, and inferences that Hyde will soon seize complete control. In an effort to stop this conquest from occurring, Jekyll decides that he will soon turn into Hyde for the last time, he declares his life over and that anything that happens after that point on will not happen to him, as Jekyll will be truly dead to the world. Therefore, it will be Hyde who will either have to face justice for the murder he has committed or find the courage to kill himself. At the end of the novel, it is Hydes body that was found void of any life. The triumph of good in The Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde, demonstrates that ultimately virtue is stronger and will reign over evil in the ongoing game of ones soul. English Essays

Free Essays on Innovation And Change

INNOVATION & CHANGE CONTENTS 1. Video Summary. „h Church Hill Crockery. „h Morgan Motor ¡Ã‚ ¦s. „h Mastering Change. „h Sausage Software. 2. Article from B.R.W. ( ¡Ã‚ §Geoff Garrett ¡Ã‚ ¨) 3. Article of  ¡Ã‚ §Managing Change ¡Ã‚ ¨. (Chapter 15) 4. Journal. - B.H.P Billiton Ploughs. (Sydney Morning Hearld 24/03) - Investor Beats  ¡Ã‚ §Reckless ¡Ã‚ ¦ Broker. (Sydney Morning Hearld 24/03) - Electric Ell Takes On The Duckies. (Sydney Morning Hearld 18/04) - Suddenly, E-Learning is Mainstream For School & Business. (Sydney Morning Hearld 14/04) - The Aussie Tin Shed Is Now A World-Beater. (Sydney Morning Hearld 28/03) - Building Boom Provides 10M Reasons To Put On Workers. (Sydney Morning Hearld 19/04) 1.VIDEO SUMMARY CHURCH HILL CROCKERY. „h There business structure and procedures have not changed for at least 15 years. „h Company owners had different ambitions which in the long term disturbed the company ¡Ã‚ ¦s ambitions. „h Overall profit was steady but the owners wanted a steady increase in the profit margin as well as sales. „h A consultant was brought in to suggest ideas to increase profits and production. He Suggested to: - Too many employees are doing jobs which a machine could do. - New innovated ideas for design of the crockery. (change from a middle priced market to a more expensive market) - To set-up exhibits to show clients there range of new and up-coming designs. - Middle managers should be given more responsibilities of key-role, to develop new strategies for the development of the company as well it gives the directors more time to work on there major goals. MORGAN MOTOR ¡Ã‚ ¦S „h A small company tiring to survive thru CHANGE. This particular company is extremely popular for there make of cars. „h Because each car is hand-made they have orders dated back to 3yrs. „h A consultant was brought in to suggest ideas to increase profits and ... Free Essays on Innovation And Change Free Essays on Innovation And Change INNOVATION & CHANGE CONTENTS 1. Video Summary. „h Church Hill Crockery. „h Morgan Motor ¡Ã‚ ¦s. „h Mastering Change. „h Sausage Software. 2. Article from B.R.W. ( ¡Ã‚ §Geoff Garrett ¡Ã‚ ¨) 3. Article of  ¡Ã‚ §Managing Change ¡Ã‚ ¨. (Chapter 15) 4. Journal. - B.H.P Billiton Ploughs. (Sydney Morning Hearld 24/03) - Investor Beats  ¡Ã‚ §Reckless ¡Ã‚ ¦ Broker. (Sydney Morning Hearld 24/03) - Electric Ell Takes On The Duckies. (Sydney Morning Hearld 18/04) - Suddenly, E-Learning is Mainstream For School & Business. (Sydney Morning Hearld 14/04) - The Aussie Tin Shed Is Now A World-Beater. (Sydney Morning Hearld 28/03) - Building Boom Provides 10M Reasons To Put On Workers. (Sydney Morning Hearld 19/04) 1.VIDEO SUMMARY CHURCH HILL CROCKERY. „h There business structure and procedures have not changed for at least 15 years. „h Company owners had different ambitions which in the long term disturbed the company ¡Ã‚ ¦s ambitions. „h Overall profit was steady but the owners wanted a steady increase in the profit margin as well as sales. „h A consultant was brought in to suggest ideas to increase profits and production. He Suggested to: - Too many employees are doing jobs which a machine could do. - New innovated ideas for design of the crockery. (change from a middle priced market to a more expensive market) - To set-up exhibits to show clients there range of new and up-coming designs. - Middle managers should be given more responsibilities of key-role, to develop new strategies for the development of the company as well it gives the directors more time to work on there major goals. MORGAN MOTOR ¡Ã‚ ¦S „h A small company tiring to survive thru CHANGE. This particular company is extremely popular for there make of cars. „h Because each car is hand-made they have orders dated back to 3yrs. „h A consultant was brought in to suggest ideas to increase profits and ...

Foucault notions of power and its implications of studying power in Essay

Foucault notions of power and its implications of studying power in international relations - Essay Example are few of the pertinent examples of power play within the society. But Foucault’s concept of power within the international relation becomes vital elements of global politics that has wide ranging implications for world at large (Patton, 1998). In the contemporary times, power within and across nations has emerged as major contentious issue that tends to suppress the wider objectives of democratic principles and sovereignty of nations which are less power powerful in terms of socio-economic, technology and military superiority. He describes it as a relation that is only visible when it is applied or used strategically in a situation to achieve one’s own vested interests (Foucault, 1982; Mills, 2003). Thus, it use or misuse becomes vital ingredients of maintaining one’s status in global political arena. The hegemony of America in global politics is prime example of economic, technological and military power that it applies over other nations. America has used its power either directly like invading Iraq on false pretence or indirectly through leading financial institutions like World Bank, IMF and international agencies like United Nations etc. and forcing developing and under-developed nations to open their markets for foreign business. Thus, Foucault’s concept of power can easily be applied on international

O2 transfere in human buddy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

O2 transfere in human buddy - Research Paper Example Chemical engineering treats circularly system as a chemical process that involves the heart as a pump while the blood vessels act as passageways for oxygen. Generally, chemical engineering uses mathematical equation to show a complete oxygen transportation process in the body. Moreover, chemical engineering involves two basic terms including convection and diffusion that helps in calculating oxygen transport in the human body. Convection is more common in the large blood vessels like arteries while diffusion is more likely to occur in the small blood vessels such as capillaries and veins. The two main mathematical equations involved in determining oxygen transport are the overall flux that describes oxygen flow via pipes and Fick’s law that explains diffusion of fluid along a concentration gradient. Oxygen moves in the human body in the breathing process through nose and mouth then goes via the lungs and dissolves in the water lining of alveoli. Oxygen then sticks to red blood cells while passing through the alveoli capillaries. Circulatory system plays a significant role in transporting various materials in the human body. Circulatory system ensures that nutrients, water and oxygen are transported to the body cells while transporting waste products produced by body cells such as carbon dioxide away from the body. The circulatory system acts as a highway with network throughout the human body and it involves the heart, and the blood vessel. The heart is responsible in pumping blood and maintaining blood flow in the whole of the body system while the blood vessels transport blood away from the heart to other parts of the blood. The whole of the circulatory system transports oxygen from outside the body into the blood stream and carries away waste from the blood cell, carbon dioxide to the outer part of the body. The blood vessels

Comparison-Theory of Evolution vs Creationism Theory Essay Example for Free

Comparison-Theory of Evolution vs Creationism Theory Essay In this essay I will compare the Theory of Creationism and the Theory of Evolution. While there are many that deeply believe in each of these theories, they present stark differences in thinking, and in individual beliefs. Let us begin by looking at Creationism. This particular theory has not a single shred of evidence to support it, yet vast populations are willing to die rather than denounce it. It has been referred to as â€Å"The Truth†. The basic belief of this theory is that â€Å"The Lord God†, or a â€Å"Supreme Being† created the universe and everything in it. It is believed that we as humans were made in the image of â€Å"God†. God created man, and called him â€Å"Adam†. Adam was lonely and The Lord then took a rib from Adam while he slept, and with it he created woman. God called her â€Å"Eve†. The creation of the universe and everything in it took six days. On the seventh day, God rested. In stark contrast to the Creationist Theory, we have what is called the Theory of Evolution. Charles Darwin is credited with first proposing this theory, which also includes something known as ‘natural selection†. First things first, let us examine evolution. Darwin believed that we as humans, as wells animals and even plants are constantly changing. His belief and that of many others is that with every generation slight modifications are inherent, thus producing better and better offspring. By this this he means better adapted to survive and flourish. If it could ever be demonstrated that any complex organ existed which could not possibly have been formed by numerous, successive, slight modifications, my theory would absolutely break down. † (Charles Darwin). To summarize, the basis of theory here is the guiding force or â€Å"natural selection† preserves beneficial variations, therefore each generation exhibits new and more complex organisms. This applies to the tiniest bug or seedling, as well as all plants and animals including human beings. Scie nce however is yet to prove either theory. It must be said that the details of this process remain obscure and are not likely to be known in the near future. † (The RNA World, p72-73). It must be understood that science is based on two assumptions known as â€Å"axioms†. Axioms represent self-evident assumptions. Scientists would not be able to continue the study of science without the observable axiom. If this were the case doubt would inevitably be cast on all scientific theories. Whereby if scientists were not able to observe reality, or if they were to observe it inaccurately, the basis of all scientific theories would be thrown out. It is most fortunate for mankind that the majority of people see this axiom clearly, without the need for instruction or clarity. While keeping in mind the observable axiom we must examine the naturalistic axiom. The naturalistic axiom differs from the observable axiom because unlike the observable axiom, the naturalistic axiom can be tested. This means science can function perfectly without it being easily observed by 90% of the population. Still, the means by which life originated is not currently understood. Because of the complicated problems that arise when studying life’s origin the more we begin to understand it, the more lost we become in respect to it. It seems to elude scientists more and more with each successive study revealing more mysterious problems then the last. In regard to the origin of life, the naturalistic axiom only permits science to investigate theories that exclude things that cannot be tested and proven. That means the study of theories without proof, such as supreme beings will not be considered. This places scientists in a rather precarious position. Not only is the opportunity to study God-related ideas not permitted, but evolutional ideas have not been proven either. Since evolutionists are not willing to abandon the naturalistic axiom they are forced to make one final observation. They must assume that science will inevitably discover the origin of life in the future. Therefore nothing has been proven-only assumptions have been made. Many scientists however have already accepted that evolution can be proved, yet I have not seen evidence of either theory. It is because of the lack of evidence that I make an observation myself. In other words, I presume to know one thing: Our beliefs are of a personal nature. They are not to be criticized or debated. Not an ounce of proof is necessary. Neither is the application of any type of axiom. No matter if an individual chooses either of the theories discussed in this paper, or proposes a theory of their own, or decides that no theory is even adequate-whatever one believes can never be wrong. While many would like to impose their beliefs on others, it is not an acceptable practice on any level. To attempt to do so has far reaching consequences and many times results in catastrophic illness, heartbreak and death. I find it unconscionable, yet it is occurring in many parts of the world even as this essay is written. Decisions can only be made for oneself. If only every person everywhere would stop to consider this, it is this author’s opinion that the world would be a much happier place.

t true knight :: essays research papers

The Definition of a Knight   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Knights were a type of soldier established in the middle ages, sworn to protect the nobility. They followed the rules of chivalry, rode the best horses, bared the finest arms and weaponry, and were highly respected. A strong need for protection of the nobility brought knighthood to be and chivalry to order. True knights are far and few now, by the end of the 16th century knighthood was over. Real knights fought hand-to-hand, before guns and gun-powder, heavily armored and ready for battle. Finding a true knight might seem hard now, but true knights exist, they just don’t look the same.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A knights training started early in his life. At age 7 a boy would be a page. At 14, a page would become a squire, and the training would become tougher. Finally at age 21, a squire would become a knight, and he would serve in the military for 40 more years. This sounds familiar to life now doesn’t it? At 7, a boy/girl would help around the house or at others houses. He/she would be learning about how to complete different tasks in the garden, the kitchen, the garage, etc. At age 14, a boy/girl might acquire a part-time job, or summer work. Train more for the â€Å"real world† and gain more knowledge for the future. This is also the age that he/she might learn about sex, drugs, respect, kindness, even love maybe. Finally at age 21, that boy/girl is now a man/woman. Pursuing a career, starting a family, and working hard to provide and protect his/her family.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The way a person is raised now, is not much different of that of a knight. The difference now might be chivalry. A chivalrous knight will be courteous, kind, protective of what’s right, aggressive to what is wrong, and will value the true things in life; family, love, and life. The same 21 year old man/woman, will love their family, love their spouse, protect his/her family, be kind to others, teach his/her children right from wrong.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A Knight is, kind, chivalrous, gentle, honorable, merciful, and willing to sacrifice.

European Integration of Ukraine Is the Main Task

European Integration of Ukraine is the main task, which unites government and opposition In connection with the new political season, which began not only in the Ukrainian Parliament, but also in the European Parliament, delegation of MPs of Ukraine from the Party of Regions arrived on an official visit to Strasbourg.Delegation members are Chairman of the Party of Regions parliamentary faction Olexander Yefremov, Deputy Chairman of the Party of Regions for International Affairs Leonid Kozhara, First Deputy Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada Committee on Freedom of Speech and Information Olena Bondarenko, member of the Verkhovna Rada Committee on Finance, Banking, Tax and Customs Policy Vitaliy Kaliuzhny.Today, September 13, in the European Parliament took place a public meeting on â€Å"The Future of EU-Ukraine Relations and Ukraine’s Internal Political Situation†, where the Chairman of the Party of Regions parliamentary faction Olexander Yefremov informed about the current situation in Ukraine. Particular attention Olexander Yefremov paid to reforms, which are being carried out by authorities. â€Å"Over the past year and a half great changes took place in Ukraine. Unfortunately, in Europe, few people know what is actually happening in the country.The country's leaders held a number of reforms – this is pension and judicial reforms, adoption of anti-corruption legislation and the new Tax Code,† the politician said. â€Å"Now we are preparing such global documents as a bill on the land market, new Criminal Procedure, Housing and Communal and Labour Codes. In Ukraine these laws have a long history, they are not modernized. And, unfortunately, over the 20 years of existence of Ukraine as an independent state, no one worked on them. It is our task.Therefore we have a lot of work to do. And as you can see, we are working very hard,† said Olexander Yefremov. MEPs stressed the importance of the visit of Ukrainian parliamentarians becaus e now it is a key moment in relations between the EU and Ukraine, and Europe needs first-hand information. Olexander Yefremov reminded that in 2009 Party of Regions started with very bad starting positions. â€Å"When we conducted an audit of the national economy, it was found that in 2009 we began with minus 15% of GDP.It was a disastrous number. And we had to find quickly the tools for economic growth, to overcome the economic crisis. However, our operational work and the actions that we undertook, gave a good positive result. 2011 we are to finish with 5% increase of our economy,† he stressed. Representatives of the European Parliament agreed to this. They noted how significantly increased the intensity of work of Ukrainian Parliament and adopted documents. According to Olexander Yefremov, today the government command faces many challenges.And one of the most important is the European integration of the country. â€Å"And at the moment it is one of the uniting issues for opposition and authorities. There is no dissent and no opponents here. Everyone understands that we need to work on this common goal,† said Olexander Yefremov. Answering the question, what Ukraine will choose: Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area with Europe or the Customs Union, Olexander Yefremov said that our first priority is the EU, but at the same time we want to maintain good relations with Russia, if that's possible from its side. In turn, we declare that we want to be a part of civilized Europe,† said the politician. The head of the Party of Regions parliamentary faction got stronger conviction that there is practically no opponent of integration between Ukraine and EU, everybody is trying to help, to give an advice; no one wants to see Ukraine worse or poorer, or further from the EU; everybody is trying to support it. MEPs, in turn, said that Europe would like to see Ukraine developing further and happy people living in Ukraine.The MPs acknowledged that Europ e knows very little about what is actually happening inside the country. In addition, Olexander Yefremov said that judging by the questions he was asked about Tymoshenko case, there is a significant lack of information about the topic. That is, people know about it, but nobody goes into details, and, as a rule, the very essence is hidden in details. He reminded the gist of the charges against ex-Prime Minister of Ukraine. â€Å"In January 2009 Tymoshenko was in talks with Russia on gas supplies.Under the Law â€Å"On International Treaties of Ukraine† the authority to negotiate and to sign international treaties is granted by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine as a collective body. The Prime Minister can not alone authorize someone to negotiate on behalf of the Government. When negotiations with Russia began, most of the ministers at the Cabinet of Ministers session refused to support Tymoshenko's personal position, as evidenced by minutes of meeting. Despite of this, she p rovided the Ukrainian negotiators a document entitled Directives of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine†, which contained the signature of Tymoshenko and official government seal. Thus, the ex-Prime Minister is charged with single-handed decision and document forgery,† said Olexander Yefremov. In addition, the MP informed about extremely unfavorable conditions for Ukraine, which are in the contract. This, above all, is the highest price, unreasonable amount of compulsory gas purchase (Ukraine consumes 40 billion cubic meters and must buy 52 billion cubic meters), and extremely inadequate penalties.If the country does not buy stated in the contract amount of gas, then there is the penalty 150% in summer, and in winter – 300%. â€Å"If such a contract was signed in the business between the two businessmen, one of them would be admitted to be crazy, that is absolutely inadequate and disadvantageous contract for the country,† said Olexander Yefremov. EU Integra tion and Trade: a Look from the Outside of the EU Eastern Border. Oleksandr Shepotylo*, Kyiv School of Economics and Kyiv Economics InstituteAugust, 2009 Abstract: This paper develops a methodology for trade policy analysis of costs and benefits of alternative regional integration scenarios, based on the disaggregated gravity equation, and applies it to calculate the impact of the EU enlargement on integration strategies of non-member countries. In particular, the paper measures the impact of the 2004 EU enlargement from the standpoint of Ukraine – a country that has been left on the sideline.This angle allows estimating the costs of non-integration that occurred due to trade and investment diversion, and forgone opportunity to carry our structural changes in the Ukrainian economy. According to the results, EU accession would dramatically change the composition of Ukrainan exports by almost doubling exports of manufactured goods by 2007. The costs of non-integration accumulat e towards the end of the investigated period. Projecting the results into the future clearly indicates that the benefits of EU accession for Ukraine would have been unambiguously positive.By showing that costs of non integration are high, the results shed some light on the debates over the benefits of EU integration for the newly accepted states. They also give guidance on the potential export gains from signing a deep FTA between EU and Ukraine which is currently negotiated by policymakers. JEL categories: C33, F12, F17 Keywords: gravity model, EU enlargement, Ukraine, CIS, heterogeneous firms, trade policy Introduction The studies of European Union (EU) enlargement mostly focus on the impact of the enlargement on the current and new EU members (e. . Bussiere et al. 2008, Nilsson, 2000, Baldwin, 1995 and 1997, Gros and Gonciarz 1996). This paper looks at the impact of EU enlargement from a different angle and estimates the costs of non-integration into EU. It develops a methodology for evaluating alternative regional integration scenarios. Comparing costs and benefits of different integration scenarios, a policymaker decides on the best integration strategy for a county. When an additional country joins a regional trade bloc, it imposes additional costs on outsiders due to trade and investment diversion.The costs of non-integration are growing when more countries join the bloc, which triggers a new wave of enlargement, a so-called domino effect introduced by Baldwin (1993). For example, the enlargement of the European Economic Community (EEC) – a process that started in 1960s – induced integration of the members of the European Free Trade Agreement (EFTA) into the EEC: â€Å"The 1960s saw rapid discriminatory liberalisation with the EEC and EFTA. This had a dramatic effect on trade patterns. The EEC’s share of trade with itself rose from 30 to 50 per cent.The share of EEC imports from other European nations stagnated or fell. This discri mination meant lost profit opportunities for exporters in both groups, but since the EEC market was more than twice the size of EFTA’s market (and growing faster), the EEC club was far more attractive to exporting firms. This generated new political economy forces within the EFTA nations – forces that pushed for EEC membership. † (Baldwin, 2008) Currently, a similar process involving the EU and Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) trading blocs is evolving.The differences in size and level of development between EU and CIS blocs imply that the EU bloc is more attractive and the opportunity costs of not-integrating into the EU are higher. Recently, EU has expanded by 12 new members, mostly by countries that for a long time had been important trading partners of CIS countries. At the same time, Georgia left the CIS in August, 2009, while Ukraine and Central Asia countries significantly reduced their involvement into the CIS programs.These developments indirectl y indicate that the EU accession strategy looks as an increasingly attractive policy for the CIS countries. However, the literature says little on how the different integration scenarios can be compared. What are the costs for the CIS countries of not integrating into EU? Do the costs of non-integration exceed the benefits of staying in the CIS? Empirically, this question has not been studied and the primary goal of this paper is to evaluate the ex post costs of non-integration. To answer these questions, the paper focuses on Ukraine.De facto, Ukraine is a member of the CIS. However, Ukraine participates in the CIS programs very selectively and the Ukrainian parliament never ratified the CIS Charter. Moreover, after 2004, Ukraine explicitly declared the EU accession as its strategic goal. Ukraine is an eligible candidate for enlargement based on the geographical criteria. It is an important EU trading partner that moves towards EU both politically and economically. In February, 2008 , the Ukraine has started a round of FTA negotiations with EU which is the next step towards the EU integration.The launch of negotiations followed the finalization of Ukraine’s WTO accession process on February, 5 2008 , which was a prerequisite for FTA talks. Therefore, the advantage of looking at Ukraine while comparing costs and benefits of a deeper EU integration vs. deeper CIS integration is as follows. First, it is not a purely theoretical exercise but a question of practical importance. Did Ukraine make a right choice when declaring the EU integration as the policy priority? Second, the answer to this question gives guidance for policymakers of the EU and Ukraine for the decision on the future of the EU enlargement process.How Ukrainian exports would look like if the country joined EU in 2004? To answer these questions, this paper develops a methodology that allows predicting trade patterns of Ukrainian exports in such a hypothetical situation. The offered method assu mes that the main differences between being an EU member and being a typical CIS country stem from the changes in behavioral relationships of the parameters of the gravity equation rather than from the changes in factors that represent the gravity forces per se (see Egger, Pfaffermayr, and Schmidt 2006).By setting its regulatory framework in line with the EU standards, signing a deep FTA with EU, and, in the long run, achieving its final goal of becoming a full-fledged EU member, the Ukraine would gradually evolve from being a part of the CIS trading bloc with its distinct reliance on export of raw materials towards being a part of the EU trading block with a high degree of intra-industry trade in processed goods. Therefore, its trade patterns would become more in line with the trade patterns of the Eastern European countries.The behavioral changes would come from better access to the EU market, changes in the institutional environment, deep reforms of the regulatory framework, and standardization of export and import regulations. To capture the behavioral changes, the gravity model is estimated for two samples: one sample includes sixteen Eastern European countries – twelve EU member countries that recently joined EU (EU12) and four countries that are not member of the EU but are considered as candidates for enlargement in the future (EUC4) ; the other sample includes nine CIS countries .In addition to evaluating the behavioral change, the novelty of the paper lies in applying an estimation of the disaggregated gravity equation using the two stage procedure developed by Helpman, Melitz, and Rubinstein (2008) (henceforth HMR). The method explicitly deals with a substantial number of zero trade flows, and unobserved firm-level heterogeneity.Unlike the HMR method, we exploit both cross-sectional and time dimensions to remove the pair-specific fixed effects that can bias the cross-sectional results and estimate the impact of the EU accession on bilateral t rade flows by the Hausman-Taylor method (Hausman and Taylor, 1981) treating the EU accession as an endogenous decision that correlates with variable and fixed costs of trade. The model demonstrates substantial costs of not integrating into EU.If the Ukraine had became an EU member in 2004, it would have benefited from an increase in export volumes, redirection of trade from CIS trading partners towards the EU trading partners, and restructuring of exports from industrial products with low value added, primarily exports of raw materials, towards exports of manufactured products with high value added and exports of agriculture and food .The benefits would have come not from the EU accession per se but from the gradual process of reforms, economic restructuring, and behavioral changes in the bilateral trade relationships with its trading partners. The initial losses from breaking the trade relationships with other CIS countries would be more than compensated later along the development path. The structure of the paper is as follows. Section 2 compares existing trade patterns of the Eastern European countries with trade patterns of the CIS countries.Section 3 briefly discusses the methodological issues, presents a theoretical model and develops the estimation procedure. Section 4 discusses data. Section 5 presents estimation results for aggregated trade data and discusses advantages of the Hausman-Taylor method. It also presents estimated gains in disaggregated exports from the EU-Ukraine trade integration for two counterfactual experiments. Finally, Section 6 concludes. Trade patterns of EU and CIS countries: first glance at the data The theory of regionalism and preferential trade agreements (i. . Baldwin, 1993; Baldwin et al. 2006) stresses that costs of non-integration into a regional trade bloc increase with the size of the bloc which, in turn, induces more countries to join the bloc due to a so-called â€Å"domino effect†: by lowering trade barriers a nd improving market access, a discriminatory liberalization of trade within a trading bloc gives an edge to the companies located within the bloc over the outsiders and create additional incentives for multinational companies (MNC) to move their activities inside the bloc.This creates an additional pressure for inclusion on outside countries. Hence, once started, the process of regionalization captures ever-growing number of countries. The story of the latest EU enlargement illustrates this point. The Council of Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) that, by 1989, included fifteen Soviet republics, six Eastern European countries – Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Romania, Poland –, and three other countries – Cuba, Mongolia, and Vietnam generated a substantial intra-bloc trade due to a high degree of economic and political integration The economic cooperation with the rest of the world was limited at best and in some instances prohibited. Since the b eginning of transition, Eastern European countries and Baltic States have rapidly moved away from the Moscow-centered economic gravity towards the Brussels-centered one. As was correctly predicted by some scholars (i. e. Wang and Winters, 1991 Hamilton and Winters, 1992, and Baldwin, 1994), this led to the reorientation of their trade flows away from the CMEA countries towards the EU members.By 1995, Eastern European trade flows did not differ considerably from that of similar Western European countries and mostly exhausted the westward expansion of exports at the intensive margins of trade (Gros and Gonciarz (1996). This view is supported by a more recent World Bank (2005) report which shows that currently most of the EU12 countries trade above their potential or ‘normal’ level.

Negative Effects of Technology in Brave New World

â€Å"Brave New World† Essay Technology has been used negatively in Brave New World to create a future where individuals are incapable of producing or affecting change. Discuss this statement and show HOW Huxley has demonstrated this idea to his readers. Aldous Huxley’s â€Å"Brave New World† explores the extreme impact of science and technology on an unreal world. The novel fits the science-fiction genre as a dystopia to the reader. Huxley wrote the novel in1932 and presented his thoughts which were influenced by many key events taking place before and during his lifetime. The â€Å"Brave New World† portrays a â€Å"perfect† society possessing no flaws due to its extremity of control. This was possible with technology. The individuals in this†¦show more content†¦History is not referred to by any means. This is so, since there are many flaws and â€Å"smut† events which have occurred in history. By exposing these aspects to the modern society, the people would become confused due to the large amount of thought and analysis required in comprehending the former times. Mustapha Mond, the Controller, is aware of this however he is not convinced that it cannot equate with or overrule science an d the current methods. He highlights this when he states that he has a â€Å"whole collection of pornographic old books† on page 189. By referring to the books as â€Å"pornographic†, he expresses his dislike for the past. Then, he clearly says that he has â€Å"God in the safe and Ford on the shelves,† using imperative language to plainly indicate his decision. The use of this direct tone reinforces the power and control that exists in Mond as the Controller. It also depicts how he cannot be easily influenced by anything. As the world is advanced, history is not thought of as a necessary knowledge and so it is abandoned. With the existence of a different smaller place, the World State can be compared. The Savage Reservation is a place similar to the era of primitive communism when society was not advanced, land was not owned by anyone and food and belongings were shared. It was the time before civilisation. John, a product of this traditional system, serves as a comparison between the World State with its civilisation and advancements, andShow MoreRelated Negative Effects of Technology Depicted in Aldous Huxleys Brave New World1100 Words   |  5 PagesNegative Effects of Technology Depicted in Aldous Huxleys Brave New World Imagine a life where the technology is so great that no one ever has to be worried about being sad or bothered by all the day to day stress. In Brave New World published in 1932, Aldous Huxley brings the reader into the future of London to see just what technology can do to a society. 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