Hillcrest Case 7 Operative

OPERATIVE REPORT Patient: T. J. Moreno Patient ID: 110497DOB: 02/15Age: 44Sex: M Date of Admission: 10/09/2013 Date of Procedure: 10/09/2013 Admitting Physician: Patrick Keathley, MD Endocrinology Surgeon : Dr. Max Hirsch, MD Orthopedics Assistant: Markus Leroy Johnson PAC (Surgical assistant was used for soft tissue protection and retraction and also for maintaining reduction during temporary and permanent fixation use of surgical assistant was medically necessary, and to prove the safety and efficacy of the procedure. Preoperative Diagnosis: Left hindfoot osteoarthritis. Postoperative Diagnosis: Left hindfoot osteoarthritis. Operative Procedure: 1) Triple arthrodesis . 2) Popliteal sciatic block placed by surgeon explicitly for postoperative pain management. Anesthesia: General by Chuck Delaney, MD. Condition during anesthesia, stable. Specimen Removed: Nine. IV Fluids: See nurse’s notes. Estimated Blood Loss: See nurse’s notes. Urine output: See nurse’s notes. Complications: None. Postoperative condition: Stable (Continued) OPERATIVE REPORT Patient: T. J. MorenoPatient ID: 110497DOB: 02/15Age: 44Sex: M Page: 2 INDICATION: A 44 year old male with hindfoot osteoarthritis pain, who has failed conservative management after reviewing risks, benefits and alternatives, he has agreed to proceed with surgical management. Risks of delayed healing, non-healing and infection, nerve vessel tendon injury, ongoing pain and discomfort, procedure failure, need for revision surgery, and/or hardware removal noted. The fact that he will have a stiffed hindfoot noted. Patient’s questions were answered, and he was consented for the planned procedure.PROCEDURE IN DETAIL: The patient was taken to the operating room where general anesthesia was induced. Time out was taken indicating the appropriated site, procedure, and patient. Operative site was initialed, one gram of Ancef given IV. Popliteal block was placed medial to lateral hamstring, 3 fingerbreadt hs proximal flexion crease to the knee. Intraneural injection of avoided by reducing the amperage to below 1 milliamp, seeing an obliteration of motor response. The extremity was prepped and draped in the usual fashion. Extremity exsanguinated, tunicate inflated.No equinus was present. Metier incision made from the tip of the fibula to the base of the fourth metatarsal. Extensor digitorum brevis and fat pad were elevated off the inferior peroneal retinaculum. Calcaneocuboid and subtalar joints were carefully exposed, denuded of cartilage, and prepared with a 4mm osteotome for arthrodesis. The calcaneocuboid joint was exceptionally osteoarthritic. The talonevicular joint linear incision was made in line with the posterior tibial course, sharp dissection carried down through skin with blunt dissection of subcutaneous tissues.Saphenous vein was retracted in a dorsal postion, linear incision made in the periosteum. The calcaneo and the talonavicular joint were carefully exposed. Cartill age, or what was remaining of cartilage was removed. There were extreme osteoarthritic thoughout. Essentially 5%-10% of cartilage remained. The osteophytes were carefully excised with osteotome, the joint was prepared with microfracture using an osteotome on both sides of the joint. (Continued) OPERATIVE REPORT Patient: T. J. Moreno Patient ID: 110497DOB: 02/15Age: 44Sex: M Page: 3Shortly the incision made off the weight bearing surface of the posterior heel. Guide wire from the 70 cannulated set was advanced across the posterior heel across the subtalar joint into the talor neck body junction. This was done while the heel was held in a slight valgus position. After verifying position and measuring, the wire was advanced to the anterior ankle, held with a hemostat. This was followed by sequential reaming with 4. 0 and then 7. 0 cannulated reamers. Next, after tapping, a fully threaded 100 mm screw was placed over a washer. Care was taken to avoid soft tissue impingement posteriorly. Excellent compression, fixation, subtalar joint were obtained without impingement of the ankle. Next the talonavicular joint was reduced to a foot plantar grade position, held with two 4. 0 cannulated screws starting at the naviculocuneiform joint. Next the calcaneocuboid joint again was adjusted to allow for plantar grade foot position. The joint was held with 4 staples from the 3M 15X16mm stabilizer. All wounds were irrigated with normal saline, excellent compression was present in each position, the medial periosteal was repaired with 3. 0 vicral suture.Subcutaneus tissues closed with 3. 0 vicral and skin closed with skin clips. On the lateral side, extensor digitorum brevis was repaied to the inferior peroneal retinaculum as was the fat pad. Subcutaneous tissue was closed with 3. 0 vicral. Skin closed with 4. 0 nylon. The posterior heel was irrigated and closed with 4. 0 nylon suture. A sterile dressing was applied plus telfa dressing, sponge, Webril, cotton roll, and plaster sp lint. The foot was at a final plantar grade position. Image intensification showed well placed hardware, extra articular to the ankle.Patient was taken to the recovery room in stable condition with no known complications. POST-OPERATIVE PLAN: The patient will be observed overnight with pain control maintained. Once he is surgically stable, patient will be transferred to endocrinology for evaluation and care of his newly diagnosed diabetes and hypertension. He is to follow up in my office in one week for wound check. _______________________________________________________________ Max L. Hirsch, MD Orthopedic Surgery mh/xx D: 10/15/20 T: 10/15/20

Interesting Passages Response from Things Fall Apart

â€Å"Clearly his personal god or chi was not made for great things. A man could not rise beyond the destiny of his chi. The saying of the elders was not true- that if a man said yea his chi also affirmed. Here was a man whose chi said nay despite his own affirmation. † (Achebe, 131) This passage created a question in my mind. Who’s perspective are we reading from? It seems as thought we are reading what a narrator is saying, but the narrator is somebody from that tribe. In most books, if a character doesn’t do the narration, the narrator knows what is really going on or what is going to happen.In this book, and shown in this passage, the narrator seems to have full believe in everything he is saying. When it comes to what the passage itself says, I start to think about what their beliefs are doing to them. Is this what they are born to believe? Their chi seems to be pulling them back for than helping them move along. It and their other beliefs are always stoppin g them from something, which is more beneficial then they know. For example, what is so bad about having twins? If anything, that should be a blessing because the family has more children, but with a shorter wait. . â€Å"He sighed heavily, and as if in sympathy the smoldering log also sighed. And immediately Okonkwo’s eyes were opened and he saw the whole matter clearly. Living fire begets cold, impotent ash. He sighed again, deeply. † (153) This was the last paragraph in Okonkwo’s thoughts on Nwoye and also were he sated that he was popularly called the â€Å"Roaring Flame†. He then started to compare himself to the fire. I really liked this passage and what was written before it for various reasons.This action shows us that he and his people aren’t any different than other human beings. We have different beliefs and different life styles, but when it comes down to it there human just like us. We all relate ourselves to things. One example used i n English is the use of similes. Similes are just one way we relate ourselves to living and non-living things. Probably the best reason to why I like this passage so much is because I can really relate to it. I don’t mean I once compared or portrayed myself as something I’m not like you’d do in a simile.I mean that in one point in my life I actually compared myself to a burning fire. I still have that comparison. I could really understand where Okonkwo was coming from with this cold ash thing because I’ve done a comparison a lot like it. I even mentioned a dead fire when I ended that comparison and this wasn’t some poem I wrote for a grade, but an actual journal entry and not just something to get a grade. What I am trying to say is, I really liked this passage and I liked how metaphoric Okonkwo was when he said it.

Slavery & Abuse – Modern Day Realities for Maid

â€Å"At her death, the 19-year-old girl – who was 50 kg when she arrived in Singapore – weighed only 36 kg and had more than 200 injuries on her body. †(Lee, para. 3) The evolution of domestic workers in Singapore dates back to the mui tsai, migrant girls from China in the early 1890s who were the virtual slaves of the rich families. They worked from dawn to dusk and into the wee hours of the morning. However, the number of foreign domestic workers started to grow only in the 1970s, a result perhaps of the economic boom then, and the desire for more leisure. The number continued to rise rapidly. In 2005, there were more than 140,000 foreign domestic workers in Singapore. (Chew, pg. 152) It may seem that maids working in a first world country like Singapore, has it easy off, compared to those working in second world countries, but there is a hidden claw that scars maids in this roaring Lion City. Some may say that maid abuse is not a widespread problem and that the irresponsible reporting of maid abuse by the local papers and television is the problem. On the other hand, others believe that maid abuse still remains a widespread problem. Singaporean, para. 12) Singapore maids undergo the risk of being abused due to financial and educational circumstances for their family, leaving them with psychological effects during and after abusive treatment. Foreign Domestic Workers come to Singapore in search for a job, without the protection of the Singapore government, to get them out of a poverty stricken life they have back in their hometown. The y earn money to be able to build a home and be able to afford a decent education and keep their children sufficiently fed and clothed. However, the cost of this may lead to a permanent psychological trauma caused by employers, which follows them for the rest of their lives after their contract is up, if they do not commit suicide. These abusers come from all walks of life: A school teacher had forced her maid to eat her own feces(Singaporean, para. 11), a father of two kicked and threw chairs at his maid(Singapore, para. 3), an air force staff sergeant tortured his sleep deprived maid by whipping her(Chong, para. 8), even children slap and hit their maids repeatedly to the encouragement of their parents(Rhonda, entry 5, para. ). Something has to change. Background Singapore for the past century has been a country growing in population and world status and recognition. Once an island of fishing village, and a British settlement, today Singapore is a republican country, which had undergone tremendous change. This is a result of the workforce Singapore has and its strategic location on the globe, being located off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, making it an ideal destination to port ship between traveling between the Indian and Pacific Ocean, thus being a highly growing and expanding nation. With a huge amount of Singapore’s society holding jobs that requires long hours, they hire helpers, maids, to lighten their work load for the chores they have to do. In 2005, there were more than 140,000 foreign domestic workers in Singapore(Chew, pg. 152), under the care of employers who hire these helpers from one of the 700 maid agencies in Singapore. (Chew, pg. 152) These employers may hold high paying jobs or high posts in the company they work for, but there is always a hidden side to people. In 1997, Singapore has reported 157 cases, 89 cases in 1998, 82 cases in 1999. (Sierakowski, pg. 133) it may seem that there is a downward trend with maid abuse cases of such in Singapore, however, there was 87 cases in 2000 and it has since been rising. (Chew, pg. 133) The cases of abusive behavior implicated upon the employer’s helper, usually happens behind closed doors of the employers resident: be it in their HDB’s (government funded Housing and Development Board in Singapore), landed properties, condominiums or private properties. The implications of such abusive inflictions on their helpers, causes physiological traumas embedded forever with their helpers. Unfortunately, some of these traumas unfortunately do end with the loss of lives. Description The idea of maid abuse parallels the idea of slavery. In Singapore, there was no term known as maid abuse till the recent decade. Each year, an average of 90 maids report the abuse cases and are documented into the system, however, many goes unheard. (Chew, pg. 33) The basic ideology of maid abuse happens when a worker under the employment of an employer is ill treated to an extent that would cause side effects to a person physically and mentally. A recent case of maid abuse consisted of a maid being kicked in the belly, slapped, and thrown multiple items at her for not preparing curry puffs as instructed properly. This maid, suffered injuries to her arms and toes, but managed to flee the apartment and reported the abuse to the police. The abuser, Mat Nooh, a father of two, and teacher, was found guilty, and this particular case was settled. Singapore, para. 2) It is important to know that even a person holding a profession as a teacher, who provides an education to others, and is a highly respected job that others trust and seek information from, is able to carry out such abusive behavior towards a fellow human being. It leads us to question the fact of how much a person can appear to be what he is not, question the true identity of others. However, not all abused are able to take the physical and psychological abuse. There was another maid who is referred to as Imelda, had acquired bruises all over her body. She alleged that her employer’s brother had hit her repeatedly whenever he would get drunk. In January 1988, he had handed her his knife and told her to kill herself. By doing this action, the employer’s brother had not only physically abused the maid, but also had imprinted the underlying idea that Imelda was useless and would be better off to the world to be dead. Imelda has initially fled to Philippine Community Center, which has since been closed down, to take refuge. However the psychological impact of the matter was too much for her to take, and she had plummeted from the hospital window, to her death. (Sampang, pg. 8) This is significant to the fact that the abuse of a maid does not stop when the maid leaves the abusive environment, but the effects of it continue to linger in her subconscious mind and it would impair her judgment and thought process in the future due to the abusive acts inflicted upon the maid. Leaving a permanent psychological scar on the maid, forever. There are laws in Singapore that protect helpers, for the most part, from being hurt physically, being wrongfully confined and outraged of modesty, but, it is important to note that foreign domestic workers are not protected under the Employment Act, 1968(Chew, pg. 53), that all employees in Singapore are protected by. If you enter a foreign country to work in it as a domestic helper and you realize that the government of that country does not protect you the way it protects the other 5. 5 million people living in the same country, it results in not just fear in the back of your mind but it trips a wire that subconsciously tells you, you are not of the same value of others. Analysis A psychological effect on a person doesn’t require drastic measures to happen before changes in a person’s mind occur. Even a simple thing such as that, maids who are employed by couples are often made by the employer’s wife to cut their hairs short and not to wear any makeup so they will be less attractive to the employer(Perlez, para. 25), may be of mental harm towards a maid. This may not seem to be a big deal, however not being able to look good for herself, psychologically impairs the person to think that she is ugly and not worth the trouble, consequently causing a decrease of self respect , ego and insecurity in looks, with the possibly of resulting in the state of depression. In simple terms, the maid turns suicidal as a result of abuse. However, the effect of maid abuse does not stop there, but carries on as a chain reaction. If a child sees his/her parents abusing their maid when they are young, the child will think that it is the norm and would carry this trait into the future, and would abuse the possible maid he/she would employ. Abuse may not only be in the form of physical contact between the two parties, derogatory verbal statements made about these domestic helpers may also be considered as an abuse. It may not seem that verbal statements could be an abuse, however when you start referring to a person as said ‘maid’, it lowers a person’s self-respect and in their subconscious mind, they feel like they are being told that they are worth less than others as they have to ‘serve’ their employers. However, in this seemingly dark and grim topic, there is a glimmer of hope for this matter. If we are able to raise awareness within the community, then the rate of abuse cases would decline over time, consequently saving the lives of possible future victims. Solutions H. O. M. E (Humanitarian Organization for Migration Economics), is one of the charities in Singapore that is helping out the situations of abused maids in Singapore. H. O. M. E helps these maids by offering them to be told of their rights and options in their own native tongue. In addition to that, H. O. M. E aids abused migrant workers by informing the MOM (Ministry of Manpower) of the case an d follows up onto it, be it negative or embarrassing towards the ministry. (Maid, para. 24) H. O. M. E also provides referral services, shelter, income-generating opportunities, and legal aid to abused migrant workers. It helps workers navigate the justice system in Singapore and has been cultivating a working relationship with the Ministry of Manpower and sending countries' embassies to respond to cases of abuse. (Maid, para. 54) An idea to a new solution would be to create an advertisement campaign to educate the young public. This would be the solution to the maid abuse problem. It would be to educate the young to prevent these problems in the future, as the past has already happened. The condition of maid abuse cannot be changed overnight by campaigning about it. The elder generation’s mindsets have already been written in stone and so it would be hard to sway their mindset. However, the younger generation is easily influenced and so by educating them on respect of other human beings regardless of their ethnicity and background, it would prove to be worthwhile, with the outcome of a new generation of people who would respect, understand and have more compassion. Even though MOM had held a photographed campaign against the abusive behavior towards maids, I felt that I could approach my campaign from a totally new and different perspective. The advertisement campaign could consist of three different compositions that mirror the layout of TIME magazine, so the viewer would be draw to see the image. The first could consist of an image of an abused maid cowering in a dark corner, accompanied with shocking text as topics. The second could consist of an image of a shadowed fist about to strike maid, accompanied with socking text as topics. The third could consist of a picture of an abused maid with a tear rolling down her cheek, portraying her cry for help. The campaign will be up on the internet alongside being posted in strategic locations around my school, for maximum exposure. This campaign could possibly have a very strong impact on the audience. However, the limitation of this would be the amount of audience that this would receive, and if they would even care. Conclusion There are many implications to the extent of abuse possible. Even in this magnificent Lion City, Singapore, there are abusive behaviors occurring to the employed helpers of households. This leaves a mental imprinted scar in he minds of such victims through and subsequent to abusive treatment. The abused will feel that they are inferior to the general public and start to decline into the start of depression, with the possibility of resulting in death. However, there are solutions to the problem at hand, by raising awareness within the community. Maids have plunged from top stories of buildings, slit their wrist, starved, beaten and abused to death. We must not let them die in vain. Each and every one of them has a story to tell. Let us carry their voices on.

Can terror ever be legitimately employed in conflict Discuss with Essay

Can terror ever be legitimately employed in conflict Discuss with reference to examples - Essay Example During World War II, both the Allies and the Axis used terror as a weapon of winning the war. Different debates have questioned the legitimacy of using terror as a weapon for ending conflicts. Terrorism is viewed to bring negative effects to a nation; this is because in attaining its main objective, the central target is the civilians (Herman 2008, p. 13). Although it brings negative impacts to a nation, sometimes use of terror benefits the nation. For instance, it can assist in the acquisition of freedom. This was the case in South Africa during the time of Apartheid. Apartheid was abolished through the use of terror. Although war is thought to be associated with vast negative effects, sometimes violence can bring positive results to a group or a nation. In this paper, I will discuss whether terror can be legitimately employed in conflicts. According to different researchers, legitimating of terror is justifiable in some cases. In extreme cases, where democratic and peaceful methods have been exhausted, it is justified and legitimate to resort to terror. In situations of suffering and repression, with a ruthless, oppressive state and no possibility of having international relief, it is necessary to resort to violence in order to defend the citizens. A state engaging and using terror in order to fight and rescue its citizens uses terror in a legitimate and justified manner (Coady 2010, p. 21). It is the function of a state to protect its people without fear; hence, if the use of terror remains the only option for the state to use in order to fight for its people, it would be interpreted as necessary and justifiable. Each person or minority group has a right in expressing discontentment in a certain issue of concern. The state has the role of representing its people and should make facilitation of this possibility. In addition, it is

Key Aspects of Warfare Logistics since World War II Assignment

Key Aspects of Warfare Logistics since World War II - Assignment Example The Second World War built up the backdrop of the largest logistics operations. The war involved thousands of personnel, hundreds of ships and supplies of force in terms of millions of tons (Langford, 2007). To exercise this massive operation logistically, planners used resupply throughput and supply point operations which included rear stockpiling of supplies at depots, transporting them to the units and moving them to the forward depots. In the month of August and September 1944, the forces started transporting food, medical supplies, ammunition, fuel, barrier materials and equipment to units quickly by road, rail and air. Ammunition and petroleum occupied half of the daily supplies and were indeed a real requirement (Johnson, 2006). Ammunition was the hardest supply on the battlefield because of its different configurations and types. Eventually, the problem solved by the army by combating the supply rate and establishing the required supply rate. Combat supply rate is the amount of ammunition the system can support whereas the required supply rate is the number of ammunition a commander requires for an operation (Gudehus, 2012). September 1944, 1st and 3rd armies experienced critical fuel problems due to the shortage of transportation. They built the pipeline to transport petroleum thus solving the problem of fuel shortages. Increased consumption and lack of truck transportation were the principal cause of petroleum shortages (Gudehus, 2012). Clothing problems involved everything from production to development and design to transportation problems. Also, blankets lacked in the needs of prisoners of war, the civilian population and French forces. There was a lack of blankets in the winter of 1944 (Gudehus, 2012). Second World War was an ongoing process of experimentation and initiatives to try and fit the correct logistic system with the right situation. Whenever logistician confronted roadblocks at a strategic level, they overcame them as fast as possible. Mulberries served as expedient piers at the operational level (Langford, 2007).  Ã‚  

TORT LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

TORT LAW - Essay Example Considering the fact that the question mentions Fred being surprised of the large bill from the Inland Revenue for capital gains tax, I suppose that he has listened to Paul’s advice and sold some of his stocks and shares. Fred’s selling some of his stocks and shares and later on, receiving a large bill for capital gains tax is a direct consequence of Paul’s advice which stated that selling some shares and stocks would help Fred avoid this tax. Due to the untrue information, Fred sold his shares and stocks and still received a large bill, which caused financial losses to him The rules of breach of duty are appropriate. Breach of duty occurs when the defendant owed a duty of care and his actions were lower than the reasonable standard. Smith &Keenan (2010, p.464) state that the test of a reasonable man should be applied to individuals â€Å"who have held themselves out as possessing a particular skill†2 as to average specialist in that domain. For example, a s in Fred’s case, Paul – recommending himself as returning a small accountancy firm, which specializes in tax and other investment matters– was expected to act as an average accountant. ... In Hedley Byrne v. Heller (1963), the Court held that â€Å"the relationship between the parties was "sufficiently proximate" as to create a duty of care. It was reasonable for them to have known that the information that they had given would likely have been relied upon †¦ This would give rise to a "special relationship", in which the defendant would have to take sufficient care in giving advice to avoid negligence liability.†3 In this case, Paul’s advice, as coming from a professional was equivalent to a statement upon which the customer (in this case – Fred) would rely on. In Rowley & Ors v Secretary of State for Department of Work and Pensions (2007) the Court held that â€Å"a solicitor owes a duty of care in tort because, like any professional person, he or she voluntarily assumes responsibility towards an individual client†4, which applies to the case of Fred v. Paul. If we were to apply the test established in Caparo v Dickman (1990), it would be clear that the facts of Fred’s situation do fall within this case: 1. â€Å"The adviser was aware that the advice was required for a purpose† 5 - Paul was aware that the advice was necessary in order for Fred to fill his tax forms and avoid large bills 2. â€Å"The adviser knew that the advice was to be communicated to the advisee†6 - 3. â€Å"It was known that the advice will be acted upon by the advisee without independent injury†7- generally, such kind of professional advice is necessary in order for the person who asks for it to act upon it 4. â€Å"It was acted upon the advice† 8 - relying on Paul’s advice, Fred sold his shares and stocks. Even when applying this test, â€Å"There must be a limit to liability and no duty will be imposed unless it is just in all the circumstances.†9 According to Winfield &

Eassy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Eassy - Essay Example The best way through which a manager can be able to know the areas that they are strong in is through feedback analysis. Within a short period of about three years, this simple method can always show a manageable areas in which they are strong and those in which they are weak. With knowledge of one’s strength a manager should seek to improve their strength in order to maximize their productivity. A manager should also be aware of the ways through which their intellectual arrogance can lead to ignorance something that can be very costly to the business they run. People usually have different ways of doing things. It is important for a manager to know exactly how they usually work. The way in which people work is usually highly influenced by their personalities. However, the good thing is that a person can always change the way they work (Drucker, 1999). People might not be able to completely change the way they work, but they can be able to slightly modify the manner in which they work. A manager should be able to be aware of their own values. For instance, there are people who easily gain knowledge through listening while the other would easily gain knowledge through reading. People are rarely able to be good in getting knowledge through both means. This implies that a manager who does not know where their values are might end up opting for the wrong methods. With the lack of understanding of one’s values it is clearly evident that the manager will never be able to reach their full potential. However, a manager with the full knowledge of their values can always know those things that complement their values and bring out the best from them (Mintzberg, 1975). With full knowledge of oneself a manager can be able to know exactly where they belong. Some managers usually find themselves not being able to perform as expected of them. This is not always because they are incapable of performing, but because

Medical Law and Ethics and How We Use it in our Day to Day Tasks at Essay

Medical Law and Ethics and How We Use it in our Day to Day Tasks at Hospitals and or Radiology Sites - Essay Example Thus the Laws of Medical care ought to be use there. The uses of these Laws straighten relationships between doctors and patients, especially in the Radiology department where human being diseases is diagnosed. However, this development has in no small measure has caused d policy makers, doctors, and lawyers at national and international level a tremendous challenge of teaching medical students on legal and non-legal health care process with ethical background. In a Hospital and Medical health care centers, being a Radiology site or any department, doctors and other health workers are bound to these Medical Laws, while they are expected to treat patients according to these ethics. First, they should stick to the confidentiality; in no circumstances they must not reveal the health condition of patients. They most adapt to the Law that the health condition is only the patients own personal problem. "We are also required by Law to protect the privacy of your protected health information and to provide you with notice of these legal duties. This notice explains how, when and why we typically use and disclose health information and your privacy rights regarding your health information". (HIPAA Notice for the Medical Center). Additionally Law has made it incumbent upon health care pr... The forefront duties of doctors and other health care personnel's should adapt to the uses of Medical (Health) Laws. First, they should stick to the confidentiality; in no circumstances they must not reveal the health condition of patients. They most adapt to the Law that the health condition is only the patients own personal problem. Doctors and other health worker always should ensure the protection of patient's disease record, by only informing the victim about the right to enquire about his condition. "We are also required by Law to protect the privacy of your protected health information and to provide you with notice of these legal duties. This notice explains how, when and why we typically use and disclose health information and your privacy rights regarding your health information". (HIPAA Notice for the Medical Center). Additionally Law has made it incumbent upon health care provider to keep record of health status of patients. The essence of this is for the provision of quality care now and in the near future, or for as long as possible. However, there are certain circumstances which Medical Law has given mandate for doctors to disclose the state of health information especially in the Radiology site of Hospital, which include treatment. They can give the state of health condition of a patient to specialist, and other necessary agents. This is to ensure the speedy recovery of a patient. In Radiology site, Law has allowed them to disclose the state of health of patient directly to him in request for payment of bills, including insurance and other companies that the patients receives treatments. Medical Law also allows the Radiology

The Puritan Dilemma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Puritan Dilemma - Essay Example the new colony, including several deaths and several colonists returning to England, the situation in the new world has changed dramatically and we have seen a great number of new settlers arrive and settle in our area. We have found a favorable place to settle with a beautiful harbor and enjoy a great deal of freedom in practicing our religion as we see fit. This is the greatest reason why one should choose to move to our colony even should it be necessary to practice some untruth to escape the oppressive nature of the kingdom by obtaining licensing to Virginia and then traveling to Massachusetts. Under Winthrop’s guidance, the colony has done very well. We had a good start thanks to Winthrop’s efforts in carefully selecting our founding colonists to be God-fearing men and women with a good variety of skills that would be helpful in the new world. Of the first 1000 settlers, we had coopers, sawyers, doctors, pastors and other skilled workers and planters as well as an enormous supply of provisions against our first few years of establishment. The first few struggles in which some of the colonists suffered illness and death and others left feeling the new world was not for them included the death of Winthrop’s son and the surprise of finding earlier settlers dispirited and starving upon our arrival. However, thanks to Winthrop’s guidance and planning, we were not concerned about survival within our first year of foundation and have even found a means of communicating amicably with our wild neighbors. It is one of the great dilemmas of our Puritan beliefs that we must often balance our decisions between life and God. Our excellent governor tells us to contemplate â€Å"the problem of doing right in a world that does wrong† (Morgan, 1998: 203). Winthrop tells us about his love for hunting which is to such an extent that he realizes he should not take such pleasure in it if he is to properly serve God. â€Å"Puritanism required that man refrain from

Sustainable Management Futures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Sustainable Management Futures - Essay Example The Body Shop’s business is not only concerned for profit generation motive but are also concerned about society and environment and belief in sustainable growth. The Body Shop has their community suppliers. There are around 31 community trade related suppliers in 24 countries. Their commitment is towards trading fairly and purchasing ingredients through Community Trade Programs. They provide preference to rural areas to become the member of the community trade for the growth of economy. The motive of community trading is to provide occupation and to build their livelihood (The Body Shop, 2006). The Body Shop International Plc is a natural, original and ethical cosmetic brand. All the products of The Body Shop are vegetarian. The company is against animal testing and is recognized as the first international cosmetics brand that was ‘Against Animal Testing’ policy. The Body Shop Foundation was launched in the year 1990 with a registered charity number. It is the co mpany’s own charitable foundation which specially focuses to help those who believe in development of the society (The Body Shop, 2011). . PESTEL Analysis PESTEL analysis enables to identify macro environmental aspects that generally are seen as prime drivers for change. The Body Shop has a global presence in number of countries throughout the world. In this context, the situational analysis of The Body Shop will be conducted with respect to the UK scenario. In the UK, the organisations that operate in the cosmetic industry have to abide by the ISO 22716 safety related standards which had been published on February 2010. The organisation such as The Body Shop has to select the specification that they come under from this certificate. In the UK, organisations have to abide by international trade policy to import and export their products. In recent times there has been an increase in the demand for online products. The government as well as the industry of the UK has supported the scheme related to trust mark, which has significantly helped in increasing the demand for online purchases. The exchange rates in the UK have been fluctuating with respect to Pound and also in the various countries from which the company acquires its raw materials. It has impacted in raising the import cost of raw materials as well as finish products. There has been an increase in VAT (Value Added Tax) to 20% in 2010, which has prompted an increase in daily commodity prices and would reduce the consumers from purchasing cosmetics related products. In the UK, high labour cost has been a concern in recent times which obstructed the company from fully exploring their global strategies. In the UK, the percentage of people in the age group of 65 to 85 is increasing, which would provide an opportunity of increasing sales regarding the anti-aging cosmetics. In the year 2012, the London Olympic Games will provide an option to create increased awareness of the products of the company am ong the huge number of visitors in the UK. The growing trend of natural products that are environment friendly will provide The Body Shop a massive growth prospect as the

Goods and bads, causes and implications of land grabs Essay

Goods and bads, causes and implications of land grabs - Essay Example The proliferative grabbing and acquisition of farming land in the developing countries is one major effect of the food crisis of 2007-08. During this time, the world experienced an increased pressure on the existing natural resources. Coupled with the international export restrictions imposed by major food producers in the world, as well as water scarcity, , the pressure resulted in countries having shortage in the arable land. The governments, as well as individuals, wanted to have enough investment injected into agriculture. Those in power, therefore, sought to increase their economic advantage through land grabbing and illegal acquisition of farmland. The global land rush of the 21st century is, however, different from the land acquisition in the colonial era. Despite being relatively similar in the general process of the perpetrators, the specific drive for the acquisition is different. The process of acquisition in both cases appear to entail the identification of unclaimed land, probably belonging to communities or groups and using it for personal benefits. However, the colonial acquisition of African land was politically driven. The drive that resulted in the success of partitioning and acquisition relied on the ignorance of the people and the compulsion that civilization and religion would impact on the Africans to reduce resistance. This political move was also related to the demonstration of power between the European countries. The acquisition in the twenty-first century, on the other hand, was related to the need for economic power. The farm owners and farmers in the developing countries suffer the ills of land grabbing. Most of them, especially those in need of land to produce their own food expects their respective governments to solve the land crisis in a way that will end the vice and lead to improved food security. However, in most of these countries, the political leadership is unwilling to

Culturally diverse entity Essay Example for Free

Culturally diverse entity Essay Listing down the sources of my cultural programming sure opened up my eyes to the realities that I am facing. As a person who is growing up and trying to come to terms with my identity as it interacts with the world, it is amazing to know that there are a lot of sources of my cultural programming. Although I consider my family as one of the main sources of my understanding of my own world, I realize that I am also bringing in cultural diversity to my family. As a part of the new generation of people in the world, we are different from our parents and much more from our grandparents. As such, through the technology I use and the ideas that I come across with, I am becoming more diverse in terms of culture. There are times that several sources of my cultural programming come into conflict. I can think of several ones. The church and the morality and faith it is teaching sometimes come into conflict with the kinds of movies and TV shows I watch. Quite honestly, there are times that I feel that church stuff is boring but when I also realize the wars, the way that people tend to forget courtesy and the sense of right and wrong, I feel that the church still has something to offer. Another source of conflict is perhaps the way that my family expects me to behave in a certain way and the way in which my friends treat each other and the way that media such as television shows and movies portray the life of a teenager. There are times that I get confused with the expectations of my parents and the way that I want to live. But I know that I have to respect them and listen to them. Culture is very broad and I think that as young people of today, we are exposed to more shapers of culture than did our parents and grandparents. That is why there are conflicts in these cultures as they are developed in me.

The Objective Of Green Building Concept Environmental Sciences Essay

The Objective Of Green Building Concept Environmental Sciences Essay Buildings, as offices, are responsible for around forty percent of the expenses borne by the business in operations. It is estimated that by the year 2050, the residential and office buildings will consume thirty eight percent of the total global energy and will release three thousand eight hundred mega tonnes of carbon into the atmosphere. Green Building is a technique of constructing buildings using processes and materials which are environment friendly and energy efficient at the same time. Buildings require air, water, energy and space for its occupants. These are provided by systems in place like the ventilation system, the water supply system and the electricity supply system. The materials which are used in the construction of the building also produce environmental impact like carbon footprint, pollution through wastes and slurry, and the consumption of water and power. Buildings are one of the major sources of pollution that cause air pollution and are responsible for climate change. The objective of green building concept is to develop buildings which use the natural resources to the minimal at the time of construction as well as operation. Green buildings emphasize on the resource usage efficiency and also press upon the three Rs Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. The technique of green building maximizes the use of efficient construction materials and practices; boosts the use of natural sources and sinks in the buildings surroundings; minimizes the energy usage to run itself; uses highly proficient equipment for the indoor area; uses highly proficient methods for water and waste management. The indoor equipment includes lighting, air-conditioning and all other needed equipment. Green Building is a team effort and the designing and construction include consultants from architecture and landscaping, air conditioning, plumbing, energy and electrical areas. These consultants have to assess the impact of the each and every design on the environment, keeping in mind the cost involved. The final design needs to be feasible and should minimize the negative impacts that the building would have on the environment. Implementation of the green building concept can lead to a reduction of carbon emission by thirty five percent, water usage by forty percent, solid waste reduction by seventy percent and reduction in energy consumption by fifty percent. Green Building concept also emphasizes on the fact that an area with high biodiversity should be avoided as a site for the construction of a building. To ensure minimum negative impact on the environment by the construction and operation of a building, the factors which are to be kept in mind are to preserve the external environment to the building location; to improve the internal area for the residents of the building; and also preserve the areas which are not close to the building. Saving Energy Energy saving through green building concept occurs in two ways. First is reduction in the amount of energy that is consumed in lighting, air conditioning and other building operations. Second is the usage of energy sources which do not produce any greenhouse gases and are renewable in nature. Green Buildings emphasize more on natural lighting and concepts of temperature control and efficient design to further reduce the carbon footprint as well as reduce cost of operation. Saving water Green Buildings use various methods to reduce water usage, treat and reuse waste water and filter water from sourced from precipitation. The target is to be able to achieve zero water table negative impact from the green building. Reducing Waste Waste reduction is one of the most important issues that are to be dealt with. In the US alone, the waste from construction and demolition of buildings accounts for sixty percent of the total non-industrial waste. Green Building concept emphasizes on improving the design of the product, re-using and recycling materials. It results in tremendous waste reduction and also helps to reduce the environmental impact of the building. Improving Health and Productivity Hygiene and proper conditions inside the building also help in boosting human productivity. Hence various businesses concentrate on this aspect. Green Building concept provides for cleanliness and sound working conditions for employees and other inhabitants. Green Building concept in USA: Green building markets in the United States of America (USA), account for five to ten percent of the total building market. The largest organisation for green building in USA is the US Green Building Council (USGBC). It has over twelve thousand member organizations and is around a financial worth of over twelve billion dollars. Some of the rating systems that have been developed for green building concept are: Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), Green Globes, Building Owners and Managers Association (BOMA), National Association of Home Builders (NAHB), International Codes Council and American National Standards Institute. In USA, the existing buildings are accounting for forty percent of total energy consumption, twelve percent of total water usage, sixty eight percent of electricity usage, thirty eight percent of carbon dioxide emission and sixty percent of non-industrial waste generation. Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Rating System: LEED rating system was developed in USA by the US Green Building Council in the year 1998. It provides a set of standards for environmentally sustainable construction of building using a market-based rating system. This rating system is being followed in the US and many other countries for the evaluation of sustainable building. LEED can be defined for new constructions, existing buildings, commercial buildings and schools. Buildings which have been recognized to be eligible for LEED are offices, retail establishments, institutional buildings and service establishments. LEED rating system provides a variety of benefits and cost savings. The benefits include reducing the operating costs, reducing resource utilizations in terms of water and electricity, reducing emissions of greenhouse gases. The other cost savings includes the tax rebates and zone allowances. LEED rating system provides four levels of rating to a building design: Certified 26-32 pts Silver 33-38 pts Gold 39-51 pts Platinum 52-69 pts The points are obtained by the building through the following design issues: Sustainable sites 14 pts Innovation and design 5 pts Energy and atmosphere 17 pts Indoor quality 15 pts Materials and resources 13 pts Water efficiency 5 pts Green Building concept in India In India, a number of agencies are involved in the Green Building concept execution and monitoring. The major agencies are Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE), Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Indian Green Building Council (IGBC). The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) was established in 1974 and is headquartered at New Delhi. TERI has developed a new rating system for Green Building assessment. This rating system is called Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA). In India, both the LEED and the GRIHA rating systems are followed along with the Energy Conservation Building Code 2007 given by BEE. Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA) rating system: GRIHA was developed by TERI and has been adopted by the ministry of new and renewable resources. It takes into account the variations in the climate, architectural practices followed and the practices for construction and also keeps the National Building Code 2005 as well as the Energy Conservation Building Code 2007. GRIHA has been specially created keeping in mind the non-air conditioned and the partially air conditioned buildings. GRIHA provides ratings for institutional, residential and commercial buildings. The emphasis is on the national concerns for environment, the weather and climate conditions, and providing solutions. According to the information collected, the following hypothesis is formulated: H: The benefits of Green Building approach are significantly greater than the costs incurred to go green Green Building concept and corporate sustainability: For corporations, green building concept comes with a bundle of benefits. The benefits include: Potentially higher capital value in the future for the building Risk of obsolescence decreases The demand from institutional investors increases Operating costs reduce for the building The attrition for the tenant decreases The maintenance cost reduces The need for refurbishment in the future decreases Green Building concept also helps in ensuring that the business stays insulated from any energy price increase in the future Cost and Benefits of Green Buildings: Figure : Source: Greening our built world: Costs, Benefits and Strategies The major barrier found towards Green Building concept, through research conducted, is the widespread perception amongst people that the upfront costs involved in the development of a green building are significantly higher than those of conventional buildings. In a survey, by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development in the year 2007, it was found that the people perceived the green buildings initial setup costs to be higher than the conventional buildings by 17 percent. This perception of the people was found to be wrong. 170 buildings were analysed in the research in Greening our built world. The analysis revealed that the green buildings cost, on an average, less than 2 percent more than the conventional buildings, also providing a large range of additional benefits. The same survey, by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development, also found that the people perceive buildings to produce around 20 percent of the CO2 emission. This perception is also wrong since buildings produce around 40 percent of the world CO2 emissions. The architects and the developers interviewed from these 170 buildings gave information on the premium, in terms of cost of turning green. The following figure illustrates the cost premium that is incurred, in green building development according to the levels of certification by LEED rating system. It shows that more than 80 out of the 170 buildings analysed have incurred less than 2 percent premium in going green. Figure : Source: Greening Our Built World: Costs, Benefits and Strategies The average costs and benefits analysed through the research are also listed in the form of a graph. It provides a comparison of the additional costs incurred by going green in schools and offices, and the simultaneous benefits received. The graph clearly suggests that the benefits far outweigh the costs incurred. Figure : Source: Greening Our Built World: Costs Benefits and Strategies Another perception that people have about green buildings is that a green building necessarily has to air conditioned. This perception is also proved wrong by the application of green building concepts to some of the Indian like the Gulbarga and the Hyderabad Institute of Technology and Management. The third misleading perception about green buildings that people have is that green buildings typically take more time to be developed than a conventional building. This perception is also not true. (Urban Sustainability and Green Buildings for the 21st Century, 2009) Hunzinger Construction University Case: Hunzinger Construction University achieved Platinum level LEED certification in Green Building concept. It has been able to achieve savings in water, energy and increased usage of green materials. Water efficiency has been achieved through various measures like dual flush water closet, waterless urinals and efficient lavatory faucets. These methods have led to a saving of 7700 gallons of water per annum. Energy efficiency was achieved using intelligent lighting systems which could control light intensity and power usage, and work with the day light intensity control. Automatic shut-off systems were also used. Using these techniques, HCU has achieved more than 34 percent reduction in power density, significantly more than the specifications of ANSI. HCU has opted for green power generation like solar panels and wind power, to minimise its power requirements from conventional power sources. The construction material used in the HCU comprised of more than 57 percent of salvaged recycled materials. These practices have led to a decreased operation cost as well as reduced impact on environment. The case has been published in Journal of Green Building, 2008. Woods Hole Research Centre Case: Woods Hole Research Centre (WHRC) is an independent, non-for-profit, NGO with core focus on environmental studies, education and creation of new and innovative policies. The research facility spans 19,300 sq. feet and has been designed with the target of achieving zero net-energy building status. It has been fitted with a solar photovoltaic system on the roof and a wind turbine for electricity generation. The design of building provides natural lighting to reduce energy consumption and also provides for insulation materials which are CFC-free. The HVAC system installed in the complex provides for an energy efficient heating, cooling and ventilation. The target of the photovoltaic system is to provide for 33 percent of the energy requirements of the complex while the rest is provided by the wind powered turbine system. The facility requires a total of 90964 kiloWatt-hour electrical energy, out of which 60720 kiloWatt-hour was provided by utility grid and the remaining 30244 kiloWatt-h our was provided by the Photovoltaic System. The case is an extract from the Journal of Green Building, 2008. The following figure compares the energy intensity of the Woods Hole Research Centres other facilities, average of US offices and the newly constructed WHRC facility. Figure : Source: Journal of Green Building, volume 3, 2008 Nordheim Court Case: Nordheim Court is a student housing facility for University of Washington. It forms a great example of the operational and setup benefits of green building concept with the right choice of strategies. The building has been constructed with a budget of 85 dollars per sq. feet. The energy efficiency of the building far surpasses the Washington State Energy Code standards and the water consumption in the building is less by 30 percent than a conventional building. The construction waste has been diverted to prevent 589 tonnes of landfills. This procedure of waste diversion has also resulted in a saving of 14582 dollars. University of Sunshine Coast Chancellery Case: University of Sunshine Coast is located in Queensland, Australia. One of the parts of the university called the Chancellery has been designed on green building standards. The total fossil fuel based energy consumption of the building is around 133 kiloWatt-hour per sq. metre which is less than the 152 kiloWatt-hour per sq. metre. The building uses a combined mode of ventilation system which provides natural ventilation as well as fully air conditioned area without any natural ventilation. This helps in reducing the CO2 emissions from the building. The lighting system used in the building also uses natural light and light intensity control systems to provide better energy efficiency to the building. (St. Clair, Peter Hyde, Richard, 2009) Green Building performance in India Name of the Project Location Built-up Area (sq ft.) Rating Achieved Increase in Cost (percent) Payback Period (Years) CII-Sorabji Godrej GBC Hyderabad 20,000 Platinum 18 7 ITC Green Centre Gurgaon 170,000 Platinum 15 6 Wipro Gurgaon 175,000 Platinum 8 5 Technopolis Kolkata 72,000 Gold 6 3 Spectral Services Consultants Office Noida 15,000 Platinum 8 4 HITAM Hyderabad 78,000 Silver 2 3 Grundfos Pump Chennai 40,000 Gold 6 3 Figure : Source: CII According to studies, in a project worth 5 million dollars, an additional expenditure on green building concept of 100 thousand dollars results in a saving of 1 million dollars over a period of 20 years. One Indiabulls Centre in Lower parel, Mumbai is a fine case of green building initiatives that have been undertaken in India. The material usage in the centre have been through use of fly ash in concrete, recycled metal content in steel used, low VOC content paints, efficient HVAC systems. The centre also includes a sewage treatment plant, solar panels for heating water, water harvesting system as well as a roof top garden. Figure : Source: Indiabulls Real Estate The cost benefit analysis from the project of One Indiabulls Centre is given below. The savings resulting from the concept of green building is substantial. Figure : Source: CII, Indiabulls Real Estate

Friendship By Ralph Waldo Emerson Philosophy Essay

Friendship By Ralph Waldo Emerson Philosophy Essay Emersons essay on friendship is one of the most remembered and highly respected essays dating back to the 19th century. The information given in the essay is extremely valuable and has helped to explain the universal truth that is friendship. Emersons essay on friendship is his way of delineating the paths of coherence. These paths fall into two distinct kinds. The first is the consistent enunciation of a view which is the master-tone that Emerson uses from essay to essay while the second is the internal linkage of the views in the essay. Some scholars have argued that Emersons views on friendship are strange and radical while others feel that his logic is sound and valid. This argument can only be settled by finding the deeper meaning in Emersons criticisms and praise of friendships. We find that there is a critical connection between friendship and other earthly phenomena which Emerson shows through the use of metaphors to create the assimilation of tangible and intangible things i n life. Emerson begins by describing how friendships begin. He states that they have nothing to do with putting in effort, worldly accomplishments or physical beauty. They have more to do with attraction or affinity. He asserts that this is what really matters in a friendship. Emerson states that when all is done, friendship makes us feel worthy in life. He states that as the best things in life, Emerson sees friendships as being spontaneous and unforced. Emerson states is that there are two distinct elements which go to the composition of friendship, . The first is sincerity and the second is tenderness. He says that we can scarce believe that so much character can subsist in another as to draw us by love. Here, Emerson refers to the tender anxiety that we feel when we are with another person to whom we are drawn. Emerson then undercuts tenderness by saying that I tender myself least to him to whom I am most devoted, (64). This means that he gives devotion more value than tenderness. He goes ahead and states that each of the two elements is so sovereign that there is none that is superior to the other. He states that there is no reason why either of the two elements should be named before the other. Through his use of the word sovereign, Emerson creates an aura of superiority. It creates a perception in the reader that what Emerson is writing about is to be respected to the highest level possible and that it is completely true and ho lds a lot of power. He goes ahead to state that though each of these elements should be highly appreciated and respected they hold the same weight and that each bears the same importance and has the same level of authority. Here he means that each of the elements is independent and has its own power. He states that no element can be compared to the other. Emerson then states that One is Truth, . By making this sentence short, Emerson gives it absolute power. It can been argued that by making this sentence longer, it would lose meaning and effect therefore Emerson was on point by making it short and straight to the point. It also leaves a mark for the readers to ponder as they read the essay. The following statement states that a friend is that person with whom I may be sincere, (64). He states that a friend allows him to think aloud before him and that he can remove the undermost garments of dissimulation, courtesy, and second thought, (64). Emerson uses the words undermost garments (64) as a metaphor to mean a mask. He states that with a true friend, a person can take of the mask that they wear for other members of the society. He then goes on to state that with a true friend he can deal with him with the simplicity and wholeness with which one chemical atom meets another, (64). Here, Emerson uses the word atom which is the simplest chemical form as a metaphor to mean the simplicity of nature that is the result of having a true friend. He refers to the process of an atom bonding with another where it does not think or discriminate when bonding rather it just goes about the bonding process. Emerson uses metaphors throughout his essay to represent different things. He states that sincerity is the luxury allowed, . He uses the word luxury (64) to arouse a feeling in the reader that friendship is a privilege and not a right. Emerson states that true friendship is when a person is privileged to have another with who they can be sincere and not have to watch what they say or do that it may hurt their feelings or offend them. He continues by saying that like diadems and authority, only to the highest rank, that being permitted to speak truth, as having none above it to court or conform unto, (64). Here, he uses the word diadems (64) to represent some sort of royal crown or power. The word authority (64) refers to the ability to give an even better privileged (64) feeling. Emerson concludes this thought by tying all metaphors together and stating that when a person is able to tell a person the truth without worrying that it may hurt or offend them is a huge luxury. Emerson states that friendship is a great achievement in life. In his essay, Emerson gives the value of friendship is extremely high, he also gives the true definition of having a true friend and differentiates between true friendship and simple friendship with human beings. In Emersons essay, he has sound logic and understanding of the concept of friendship since he says that in friendship there are emotions of benevolence and complacency which are felt towards others, . This can also be seen in Emersons words when he moves away from the abstract and generalized remarks on his experience with friendship. He states that a person seeks the company of a stranger when they believe that the stranger will give or inspire something that we currently lack. Though from the essay it turns out that Emerson does not have much to say about friendship, he states that the stranger who Emerson refers to as a friend awakens a desire for throbbing of the heart and the communications of the soul, . Emerson goes on to say that despite of this, sometimes friends disappoint us. He also states that friendship brings about doubt which is only justified by the course of our experience. Emersons logic is also seen in his discussion of the pleasures and advantages that come about as a result of having a friend. He says that friendship is an encounter of two, in a thought, in a feeling, . This however, is simply an image of friendship and perhaps just a simple admiration at a distance. Emerson continues to say that A new person is to me a great event and hinders me from sleep, . Here, he shows appreciation of the friend who brings him the best moments in life. However, the essay also shows Emersons skepticism about his friend. He says that though he feels proud when his friend accomplishes something, he overestimates the conscience of his friend. This statement means that we somewhat idolize our friends and they in turn also idolize us which makes friends unable to read each others reality and promise accurately. Emerson goes ahead to speak of the surprises and joy that comes from friendship. He, however, surprises us by saying that our friend is more limited than we actually though and that though we idolize and judge them, there is an infinite remoteness (62) between persons that makes the friendship limited. Emerson, however, says that friends are for us to grow with and to use to make a stable and unchanging relationship. Emersons logic is that as people grow, the souls of friends also grow making this a sound and valid logic. Emerson also gives a logical argument regarding the law of one to one (65) in friendship. Here he states that the common practice in friendship is to have two people and that a friendship between more than two people may not be feasible. This logic is lacking since what is required for a friendship is affinity that determines which two shall converse (65) and not will. His essay concludes that what is commonly referred to as friendship is not really friendship Friends, such as we desire, are dreams and fables, (67). This logic is sound and valid since we often paint an image of friendship that gives it much more credit than it deserves. Emersons essay on friendship is a mediation or a set of variations on the themes of hope and disappointment that we suffer in life as a result of others. Emersons essay on friendship progresses from a diffuse friendship which begins at a distance to the disappointment that comes from having friends to the reality of having friends in our lives and the promise of something better anything we have ever achieved.

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Communication is the necessary exchange of experience, knowledge, thoughts, feelings between two or more people. Need to communicate to any person if it is not then begins depression, caused by deficiency of emotions, impressions, and the person begins to need to communicate as well as in food or water. By the way a person communicates in psychology generally divided people into two categories: introverted and extroverted (Hovland, Janis, & Kelley, 2013). Introvert - people, socio-psychological makeup is characterized by concentration on his inner world, insularity. Introverts consider their most important interests; give them the highest value, for they are characterized by social passivity and a tendency to introspection. Introvert gladly fulfills his duties, but does not like the responsibility for the final results. For introverts typical behaviour associated with more comfortable solitude, inner thoughts and feelings, creativity or observation of the process. Introvert can be an excellent scientist, researcher, observer, writer or an individual entrepreneur. Extrovert - a man whose psychological characteristics expressed in focusing their interests in the outside world, the external objects. Extroverts peculiar behavior impulsivity, activity in the gestures, communicative, initiative, social adaptability and openness of the inner world. For extroverts typical behavior in which a person seeks: to communicate with people, attention from others, participation in public speeches, participation in crowded events and parties. An extrovert can be an excellent master of ceremonies organized (often volunteer), official, manage people, artist or entertainer. In which of the two types, you probably know yourself? Perhaps you were u... ...thdrawal from live communication and addiction to the Internet. The user does not notice how he stops to meet with friends, all communication limited social networks. Every day he comes to your pages to view or message came that interesting going on in his friends and it becomes a habit and we can not live peacefully day, if not Go online, and it is already clear signs of addiction. Besides overreliance on social networks leads to a decrease in efficiency. Many employers do not allow their employees to go to the Internet during working hours, to track even special programs, they are happy to use. By the way, if you are using such social networks like twitter, then you can have it in a small income. Of course, to have an extra income on microblogs you will need to place them in advertising, but many services do just focus on it to make it look as natural as possible.

Fight Club review Essay -- essays research papers

Fight Club Review   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The movie that is being reviewed and analyzed is Fight Club, which stars Brad Pitt and Edward Norton. Fight Club is in a genre on its own, but falls into the categories of action and mystery. We will be looking at the subdivisions of plot, character, setting, and focus. By analyzing these points of the movie we can see why Fight Club belongs to the certain genre it is placed in. The movie starts off where one the characters is held at gun point. Of course we all wonder how he got there, so the narrator takes us back to where it all starts. We meet an unnamed character who has insomnia. We learn about his life and that he lives a pretty decent life. Of course, we would not have a movie if our main character was content with his life. There needs to be more conflict. Due to his insomnia, he takes up going to support groups that help people in need (i.e. men with testicular cancer, alcoholics, and dying people). He soon notices a lady named Marla Singer who is showing up at the same support groups he goes to even the one for testicular cancer. He catches onto her game simply because she shows up there. Later on he is on a business flight and meets another character named Tyler Durden who is very interesting. Our noname character gets home to find that someone has blown-up his condo, so he decides to call his â€Å"single serving friend† from the plane ri de. The two live together and form a quick bond. They start a â€Å"fight club† where men can escape the real world. It is a very secretive club â€Å"The first rule of fight club is we do not talk about fight club†. As the movie goes on, the club becomes more of a cult and the tasks that they have to complete become more difficult and more dangerous. Soon we learn that our noname character has an alter-ego and it is†¦Tyler Durden. Tyler Durden is everything he wants to be. Because he lives a so called respectable life he lets himself go through his alter-ego. All the mayhem that happens is all really because of him. Our â€Å"average Joe† is the cause of all the â€Å"fight clubs† across the nation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the movie, the characters are planned out very well. The characters all fit together like pieces of a puzzle. The characters all go together because they all need each other in some way. Our â€Å"no name† character relates to us in some way, either because we... ... got out of hand. So everyone should let go and express the way they feel to an extent where they do not go insane. After analyzing the plot, characters, setting, and focus we can see how Fight Club falls into its own genre. It has everything to fit into the action and mystery categories. Most reviewers overall enjoyed the movie very much. Christopher Null gave the movie four out of five stars and said it was â€Å"perfection and a good memorable film†. Steven Rhodes also says it is a good film â€Å"It's the sort of film that will leave you exhausted but glad you came.† (http://www.imdb.com/Reviews/210/21041) However from a woman’s point of view the film was barbaric and violent, â€Å"it's socially irresponsible and repellent in its graphic depictions of extreme violence and brutality,† says Susan Granger. (http://www.speakers-podium.com/susangranger.) I, however, even though I am a female I enjoyed the film very much. It has become one of my favorite movies because I feel like I can relate to the topic very much because I wish I was just able to let go and do what I really want to do. Everyone has his or her own opinion of things so you should see the movie and see how you react to it.

Paper

Any suspicion of copying or plagiarism in this work will result in an investigation of Academic Misconduct and may result in a â€Å"O† on the work, an â€Å"F† in the course, or possibly more severe penalties, as well as a Disciplinary Notice on your academic record under the Student Code of Academic Conduct, which can be found online at: http://www. Reason. Ca/senate/policies/pappy. PDF. Study of Times waiting at Banks Introduction: The Issues that are going to be studied are the factors that affect waiting time at a Bank service line.Some of the consequences of long Walt time are customer Relation and employee frustration, which leads to a bad reputation for the bank. The motivations for this research are the improvement of service time, increase in the customer satisfaction and better corporate reputation. This proposal comprises the purpose of the project, target population and limitations for research, an explanation of the approach, and the expected results. Purp ose: The purpose of this project is to find the causes of the delay time at a Bank ND find the practical ways to avoid the delays.Scope: The scope of this project will only be limited to Just one particular branch as it would be nearly impossible to obtain data for an entire franchise. We will be looking and analyzing the AD branch located on Horntail SST. Abramson. The target population for this project Includes people of all age ranges going from 12 to 100 specify most of the data that will be collected will be based on daily customers (normally in the age range of 25-55) as they are considerably impacted by the long wait lines as for them time is money. Paper The university was founded in 1885, which was before Arizona was officially a state. Arizona holds 31,670 undergraduate students and 8951 graduate students that study the 300+ majors offered. Within these students 120 countries are represented. Tuition costs $29,421 for a non-resident of Arizona. In addition, there is a $9,714 room and board fee. To become a Wildcat, Arizona requires 4 years of English, and either a 21 or above on the English section of the ACT or a 530 on the reading section.They also require 4 years of Mathematics, and a 24 on the math portion of the ACT or a 540 on the math part of the SAT. Arizona also requires that students take 3 years of lab science and score a 20 or higher on the math portion of the ACT. If students took the SAT they might want to consider taking subject tests. Arizona requires 2 years of History classes, one American history course and one other history course. Furthermore, the University of Arizona requires 2 years of consecutive classes of a second language (both classes must be the same language). Lastly, the university of Arizona requires 1 year of fine arts.Arizona requires that you maintain a 2. 0 GAP or higher throughout your high school career. During your time In high school you can only get lower than a 2. 0, or C, twice to still be eligible for admission. University of Arizona hosts a Greek system hosting both fraternities and sororities. Arizona Greek system is much larger In comparison to other schools consisting of 47 sororities and fraternities. On campus housing holds 79% of students at Arizona In a total of 24 student-housing facilities. The other 21% live off campus. At Arizona there Is a balance of males and females. % of the population Is female, leaving 48% to male population. Downtown Tucson holds plenty to do for students and acts as the perfect college town. Paper By raunchy University of Arizona higher throughout your high school career. During your time in high school you can system is much la rger in comparison to other schools consisting of 47 sororities and fraternities. On campus housing holds 79% of students at Arizona in a total of 24 student-housing facilities. The other 21% live off campus. Paper To me there is a big difference in a college class discussion verse a discussion you have with your friend. In college classes you have to have a more professional approach in how you speak or answer other classmates. When speaking to your friends who know you, they have good Judgment on when you are Joking around or even if you are being sarcastic. I myself know that my friends and family even my co- workers all have excellent Judgment on my mannerisms.My classmates however unlike my friends, family and co-workers do not know me so during class discussions I will make sure that I make a point to convey my messages with respect and In a good tone so everyone will understand where I am coming from. I enjoy feedback and look forward to my classmates giving me their pollens on things and I scant Walt to see everyone else's point of view on certain topics we discuss.There are many different ways that you can demonstrate respect for your fellow classmates during class discussions such as good understanding, politeness and having a positive attitude towards your peers. It Is good to show your classmates that o understand where they are coming from even if you do not agree, everyone is entitled to their own opinion and everyone has different ways of looking at certain issues.Being polite to your classmates is a great way to show you are respecting them. We are all here to learn and grow together so together we can all achieve our goals and dreams. Approaching your classmates with a positive attitude will always send a good vibe, who has time for negativity navy? I know I certainly don so being positive towards others will go a long way. I will always treat others the way I want myself and my daughter to be treated. Paper Timothy Hall, tells a story of a bold, independent, self confident, and assertive young women during the time of 1636 to 1638. Hall arranged his novel by organizing the chapters in her life story around statements made at her trial. The study of Hutchinson life gives us the opportunity to enter into a different world of New England's founding generation. As Hall's questions; â€Å"what should we make of this remarkable women and her tragic fate? How did she understand herself? How did her contemporaries understand her? (Hall,2) are answered and supported throughout the novel. The answers to such questions can come only from a thorough examination of Anne Hutchinson experience with religion, culture, and politics in early modern England and its first colonies. Timothy Hall sets up the first chapter helping the readers comprehend who exactly Anne Hutchinson is, explaining where it is she came from and her back round information. Hutchinson was born during the Protestant Reformation, t he year of 1592 in Alfred, Somerset, United Kingdom.Her parents, Francis and Mammary were Puritans strong believers, although, they were forced to convert into the English Church. Ann.'s parents had planned to raise her with Puritans beliefs, but also in healing. She was set up to marry William Hutchinson, once they planned to marry and start a family, they planned on raising their soon to be family under a Puritan roof with firm beliefs. In order to go on with this lifestyle without persecution they planned on Joining a trek to America with other Puritans. Paper The questionnaire is designed by the researchers a seven item scale from tryingly disagree (-3) to strongly agree (+3) to identify variables of customer loyalty. In the present study, we, therefore, used Cockroach's alpha scale as a measure of reliability. Its value is estimated to be 0. 897. Sophisticated statistical model as ‘Exploratory Factor Analysis (FEE)' has been used. The results show that nine factors extracted from the analysis that together accounted 77. 891 percent of the total variance.Finally, on the basis of factor score, these factors were ranked (1)sales promotion'; (2) ‘Provision of information'; (3)engagement'; (4)recommendation of the Product or Service';(5)new brand';' (6) ‘The value of brand'; (7)eliminative'; (8) ‘Bench Marking' and (9) ‘Environmental friendly organization' got the ranks of first to nine respectively and constitute the key factors of customer loyalty in leading retail supermarkets in I-J. Moreover, outcome of the research would be helpful to the practitioners, researchers, planners, policy makers and academicians, who are involved in the concerned area.Keywords: Customers; Customer Loyalty and Retail Supermarkets. 1. 0 Background and Significance In the ever-changing business world, almost every organization pays most attention o the customers ever than before. For any organization, good understanding of customers, their needs and wants, their expectations on price and quality of goods and services increase the potential to succeed. As a result, customer centered marketing has occupied the top place in modern marketing concept. Every organization is ready to pay any means to identify and understand the customers and their needs.Consumers' reaction will be in favor of an organization when their desires and expectations have been either met or exceeded in the course of experiencing the service. In the context of a retail supermarket, satisfaction could be interpreted as Just meeting the expect ations of the customers, not any sort of exceeding or falling short of the expectations. Most of the retailers try to achieve competitive advantage by taking the responses of the customers beyond the level of ‘Just satisfied' towards ‘exceeding their expectations'.Pleasing customers are very harder today (Kettle, 2003). Customers are more challenging component for any organization rather than their competitors. Their buying behaviors are fickle, at least three times a year expecting the best deal from the suppliers. Besides the above, the worst thing is ninety percent of dissatisfied customers Just switched to another supplier without complaining to former supplier (Kettle, 2003). A marketing strategy which is considered today as the best one may not produce same results in future.Thus, every organization must pay their attention in complete satisfaction of their customers. Since, highly satisfied customers more likely become loyal customers and potentially buy the new p roducts introducing by the company and shows the word of mouth and also pay less attention about competitors and other brands as ell. Above to all, considering cost related to customers, cost for retaining existing customers are very less than acquiring the new customers and also existing customers are much more profitable in many ways for instance, word of mouth.Here, word- loyalty or loyal customers captures the predominant place. Because, Hill & Alexander (2006) pointed out that only through the loyalty, customer retention can be secured. 2. 0 Statement of the Problems Factors determining customer satisfaction and customer loyalty have been brought to light by marketing research. But, this information still is far away for some producers engaging in the productions and services. Consequently, producers are unable to exploit this information for their success.According to Verdict consulting research (2007), retail supermarket sector in I-J is one of most competitive segments and a lso pointed out that this competition will create more challenging environment in maintaining their market share. However, some retailers are very successful than their competitors even during the period of European economic downturn. This encouraged the researchers to do this research. We hope that this research will answer the following question regarding customer loyalty effectively. 3. Objectives The present study has the following objectives 1. To examine necessary factors of customer loyalty in leading super markets of I-J; and 2. To determine the key factors of customer loyalty in leading super markets of UK. 3. To suggest some measures in order to improve the customer loyalty in leading 4. 0 Literature Review Managing customer loyalty is the one of major element of customer relationship management. Customer satisfied with the present service of organization will likely satisfy if the firm does the same service later.So every organization has struck with the question how they can increase their loyalty level by adopting the right approaches. Stone (2000) pointed out in his book that â€Å"using information on the customer data base, there is no reason for a customer loyalty programmer other than finely tuned to meeting customers ‘relationships needs†. Loyalty becomes a winning factor for any organization facilitating with high productivity, solid profit and feasibility for steady expansion, competing in present world.When considering the resent states of disloyalty, it is obvious that it would damage the corporate performance by 25 to 50 percent and possibly more (Astrakhan, 2006). Loyalty is defined as â€Å"a state of mind, a set of attitudes, beliefs, desires and so on† (Stone, 2000). Kettle (2008) said that delighted customers become loyal to the organization and customer relationship management (CRM) plays an important role in making customers loyal. Further, among the satisfied customers, completely satisfied customers only can be a delighted one. Thus CRM has to focus on customer delight rather than satisfaction.However, Hill and Alexander (2006) argue that misunderstanding of customer loyalty by the senior manages and marketing executives have mislead strategies for securing the customer loyalty and also criticized that many of them take afford to attract the customers by giving some bribe to customers. Instead, customer loyalty has to be earned by the suppliers and customer retention can be achieved when the suppliers satisfy the requirements raised by the customers better than their rivals. Realty is that in the twenty first century, both not only customers and but also suppliers have to true, faithful and rim in meeting the customers' needs.Furthermore, Hill & Alexander (2006) categorized loyalty into four types such as (1) Monopoly loyalty (where customers have little or no choice and they are completely dissatisfied and far away from devoted); (2) Cost of change loyalty (where customers have choice of alternative suppliers and reluctant to change their current due to the cost and other bothering factors, needs immense afford to change); (3) Incentive loyalty(this is the type of loyalty created by mass advertisement and targeted the customers who are not pending their own money for instance frequent business fliers);(4) Habitual loyalty(this can be viewed most commonly due to the time constraints and familiar routines, convenient location and little afford for instance filling up petrol on the way to work). This paper is focus on this Habitual loyalty. Here, convenient location, size of supermarket, variety of goods, competitive price plays a significant role.Moreover, degrees of loyalty can differ from one customer to another for instance one customer is more loyal than other. Hill & Alexander (2006) defined these degrees as suspects, respects, customers, clients' advocates and partners in a pyramid. According to them, degrees of positive commitment increases along pyramid fr om suspects to partners and also distinguishes the truly loyal customers. Less loyal customer is likely to switch the supplier Based on the previous studies, we can say that there are some studies in different countries, but detailed and comprehensive studies has not yet been conducted in I-J especially in supermarket through exploratory study. Paper Any suspicion of copying or plagiarism in this work will result in an investigation of Academic Misconduct and may result in a â€Å"O† on the work, an â€Å"F† in the course, or possibly more severe penalties, as well as a Disciplinary Notice on your academic record under the Student Code of Academic Conduct, which can be found online at: http://www. Reason. Ca/senate/policies/pappy. PDF. Study of Times waiting at Banks Introduction: The Issues that are going to be studied are the factors that affect waiting time at a Bank service line.Some of the consequences of long Walt time are customer Relation and employee frustration, which leads to a bad reputation for the bank. The motivations for this research are the improvement of service time, increase in the customer satisfaction and better corporate reputation. This proposal comprises the purpose of the project, target population and limitations for research, an explanation of the approach, and the expected results. Purp ose: The purpose of this project is to find the causes of the delay time at a Bank ND find the practical ways to avoid the delays.Scope: The scope of this project will only be limited to Just one particular branch as it would be nearly impossible to obtain data for an entire franchise. We will be looking and analyzing the AD branch located on Horntail SST. Abramson. The target population for this project Includes people of all age ranges going from 12 to 100 specify most of the data that will be collected will be based on daily customers (normally in the age range of 25-55) as they are considerably impacted by the long wait lines as for them time is money. Paper The questionnaire is designed by the researchers a seven item scale from tryingly disagree (-3) to strongly agree (+3) to identify variables of customer loyalty. In the present study, we, therefore, used Cockroach's alpha scale as a measure of reliability. Its value is estimated to be 0. 897. Sophisticated statistical model as ‘Exploratory Factor Analysis (FEE)' has been used. The results show that nine factors extracted from the analysis that together accounted 77. 891 percent of the total variance.Finally, on the basis of factor score, these factors were ranked (1)sales promotion'; (2) ‘Provision of information'; (3)engagement'; (4)recommendation of the Product or Service';(5)new brand';' (6) ‘The value of brand'; (7)eliminative'; (8) ‘Bench Marking' and (9) ‘Environmental friendly organization' got the ranks of first to nine respectively and constitute the key factors of customer loyalty in leading retail supermarkets in I-J. Moreover, outcome of the research would be helpful to the practitioners, researchers, planners, policy makers and academicians, who are involved in the concerned area.Keywords: Customers; Customer Loyalty and Retail Supermarkets. 1. 0 Background and Significance In the ever-changing business world, almost every organization pays most attention o the customers ever than before. For any organization, good understanding of customers, their needs and wants, their expectations on price and quality of goods and services increase the potential to succeed. As a result, customer centered marketing has occupied the top place in modern marketing concept. Every organization is ready to pay any means to identify and understand the customers and their needs.Consumers' reaction will be in favor of an organization when their desires and expectations have been either met or exceeded in the course of experiencing the service. In the context of a retail supermarket, satisfaction could be interpreted as Just meeting the expect ations of the customers, not any sort of exceeding or falling short of the expectations. Most of the retailers try to achieve competitive advantage by taking the responses of the customers beyond the level of ‘Just satisfied' towards ‘exceeding their expectations'.Pleasing customers are very harder today (Kettle, 2003). Customers are more challenging component for any organization rather than their competitors. Their buying behaviors are fickle, at least three times a year expecting the best deal from the suppliers. Besides the above, the worst thing is ninety percent of dissatisfied customers Just switched to another supplier without complaining to former supplier (Kettle, 2003). A marketing strategy which is considered today as the best one may not produce same results in future.Thus, every organization must pay their attention in complete satisfaction of their customers. Since, highly satisfied customers more likely become loyal customers and potentially buy the new p roducts introducing by the company and shows the word of mouth and also pay less attention about competitors and other brands as ell. Above to all, considering cost related to customers, cost for retaining existing customers are very less than acquiring the new customers and also existing customers are much more profitable in many ways for instance, word of mouth.Here, word- loyalty or loyal customers captures the predominant place. Because, Hill & Alexander (2006) pointed out that only through the loyalty, customer retention can be secured. 2. 0 Statement of the Problems Factors determining customer satisfaction and customer loyalty have been brought to light by marketing research. But, this information still is far away for some producers engaging in the productions and services. Consequently, producers are unable to exploit this information for their success.According to Verdict consulting research (2007), retail supermarket sector in I-J is one of most competitive segments and a lso pointed out that this competition will create more challenging environment in maintaining their market share. However, some retailers are very successful than their competitors even during the period of European economic downturn. This encouraged the researchers to do this research. We hope that this research will answer the following question regarding customer loyalty effectively. 3. Objectives The present study has the following objectives 1. To examine necessary factors of customer loyalty in leading super markets of I-J; and 2. To determine the key factors of customer loyalty in leading super markets of UK. 3. To suggest some measures in order to improve the customer loyalty in leading 4. 0 Literature Review Managing customer loyalty is the one of major element of customer relationship management. Customer satisfied with the present service of organization will likely satisfy if the firm does the same service later.So every organization has struck with the question how they can increase their loyalty level by adopting the right approaches. Stone (2000) pointed out in his book that â€Å"using information on the customer data base, there is no reason for a customer loyalty programmer other than finely tuned to meeting customers ‘relationships needs†. Loyalty becomes a winning factor for any organization facilitating with high productivity, solid profit and feasibility for steady expansion, competing in present world.When considering the resent states of disloyalty, it is obvious that it would damage the corporate performance by 25 to 50 percent and possibly more (Astrakhan, 2006). Loyalty is defined as â€Å"a state of mind, a set of attitudes, beliefs, desires and so on† (Stone, 2000). Kettle (2008) said that delighted customers become loyal to the organization and customer relationship management (CRM) plays an important role in making customers loyal. Further, among the satisfied customers, completely satisfied customers only can be a delighted one. Thus CRM has to focus on customer delight rather than satisfaction.However, Hill and Alexander (2006) argue that misunderstanding of customer loyalty by the senior manages and marketing executives have mislead strategies for securing the customer loyalty and also criticized that many of them take afford to attract the customers by giving some bribe to customers. Instead, customer loyalty has to be earned by the suppliers and customer retention can be achieved when the suppliers satisfy the requirements raised by the customers better than their rivals. Realty is that in the twenty first century, both not only customers and but also suppliers have to true, faithful and rim in meeting the customers' needs.Furthermore, Hill & Alexander (2006) categorized loyalty into four types such as (1) Monopoly loyalty (where customers have little or no choice and they are completely dissatisfied and far away from devoted); (2) Cost of change loyalty (where customers have choice of alternative suppliers and reluctant to change their current due to the cost and other bothering factors, needs immense afford to change); (3) Incentive loyalty(this is the type of loyalty created by mass advertisement and targeted the customers who are not pending their own money for instance frequent business fliers);(4) Habitual loyalty(this can be viewed most commonly due to the time constraints and familiar routines, convenient location and little afford for instance filling up petrol on the way to work). This paper is focus on this Habitual loyalty. Here, convenient location, size of supermarket, variety of goods, competitive price plays a significant role.Moreover, degrees of loyalty can differ from one customer to another for instance one customer is more loyal than other. Hill & Alexander (2006) defined these degrees as suspects, respects, customers, clients' advocates and partners in a pyramid. According to them, degrees of positive commitment increases along pyramid fr om suspects to partners and also distinguishes the truly loyal customers. Less loyal customer is likely to switch the supplier Based on the previous studies, we can say that there are some studies in different countries, but detailed and comprehensive studies has not yet been conducted in I-J especially in supermarket through exploratory study. Paper Timothy Hall, tells a story of a bold, independent, self confident, and assertive young women during the time of 1636 to 1638. Hall arranged his novel by organizing the chapters in her life story around statements made at her trial. The study of Hutchinson life gives us the opportunity to enter into a different world of New England's founding generation. As Hall's questions; â€Å"what should we make of this remarkable women and her tragic fate? How did she understand herself? How did her contemporaries understand her? (Hall,2) are answered and supported throughout the novel. The answers to such questions can come only from a thorough examination of Anne Hutchinson experience with religion, culture, and politics in early modern England and its first colonies. Timothy Hall sets up the first chapter helping the readers comprehend who exactly Anne Hutchinson is, explaining where it is she came from and her back round information. Hutchinson was born during the Protestant Reformation, t he year of 1592 in Alfred, Somerset, United Kingdom.Her parents, Francis and Mammary were Puritans strong believers, although, they were forced to convert into the English Church. Ann.'s parents had planned to raise her with Puritans beliefs, but also in healing. She was set up to marry William Hutchinson, once they planned to marry and start a family, they planned on raising their soon to be family under a Puritan roof with firm beliefs. In order to go on with this lifestyle without persecution they planned on Joining a trek to America with other Puritans. Paper To me there is a big difference in a college class discussion verse a discussion you have with your friend. In college classes you have to have a more professional approach in how you speak or answer other classmates. When speaking to your friends who know you, they have good Judgment on when you are Joking around or even if you are being sarcastic. I myself know that my friends and family even my co- workers all have excellent Judgment on my mannerisms.My classmates however unlike my friends, family and co-workers do not know me so during class discussions I will make sure that I make a point to convey my messages with respect and In a good tone so everyone will understand where I am coming from. I enjoy feedback and look forward to my classmates giving me their pollens on things and I scant Walt to see everyone else's point of view on certain topics we discuss.There are many different ways that you can demonstrate respect for your fellow classmates during class discussions such as good understanding, politeness and having a positive attitude towards your peers. It Is good to show your classmates that o understand where they are coming from even if you do not agree, everyone is entitled to their own opinion and everyone has different ways of looking at certain issues.Being polite to your classmates is a great way to show you are respecting them. We are all here to learn and grow together so together we can all achieve our goals and dreams. Approaching your classmates with a positive attitude will always send a good vibe, who has time for negativity navy? I know I certainly don so being positive towards others will go a long way. I will always treat others the way I want myself and my daughter to be treated. Paper The university was founded in 1885, which was before Arizona was officially a state. Arizona holds 31,670 undergraduate students and 8951 graduate students that study the 300+ majors offered. Within these students 120 countries are represented. Tuition costs $29,421 for a non-resident of Arizona. In addition, there is a $9,714 room and board fee. To become a Wildcat, Arizona requires 4 years of English, and either a 21 or above on the English section of the ACT or a 530 on the reading section.They also require 4 years of Mathematics, and a 24 on the math portion of the ACT or a 540 on the math part of the SAT. Arizona also requires that students take 3 years of lab science and score a 20 or higher on the math portion of the ACT. If students took the SAT they might want to consider taking subject tests. Arizona requires 2 years of History classes, one American history course and one other history course. Furthermore, the University of Arizona requires 2 years of consecutive classes of a second language (both classes must be the same language). Lastly, the university of Arizona requires 1 year of fine arts.Arizona requires that you maintain a 2. 0 GAP or higher throughout your high school career. During your time In high school you can only get lower than a 2. 0, or C, twice to still be eligible for admission. University of Arizona hosts a Greek system hosting both fraternities and sororities. Arizona Greek system is much larger In comparison to other schools consisting of 47 sororities and fraternities. On campus housing holds 79% of students at Arizona In a total of 24 student-housing facilities. The other 21% live off campus. At Arizona there Is a balance of males and females. % of the population Is female, leaving 48% to male population. Downtown Tucson holds plenty to do for students and acts as the perfect college town. Paper By raunchy University of Arizona higher throughout your high school career. During your time in high school you can system is much la rger in comparison to other schools consisting of 47 sororities and fraternities. On campus housing holds 79% of students at Arizona in a total of 24 student-housing facilities. The other 21% live off campus. Paper The questionnaire is designed by the researchers a seven item scale from tryingly disagree (-3) to strongly agree (+3) to identify variables of customer loyalty. In the present study, we, therefore, used Cockroach's alpha scale as a measure of reliability. Its value is estimated to be 0. 897. Sophisticated statistical model as ‘Exploratory Factor Analysis (FEE)' has been used. The results show that nine factors extracted from the analysis that together accounted 77. 891 percent of the total variance.Finally, on the basis of factor score, these factors were ranked (1)sales promotion'; (2) ‘Provision of information'; (3)engagement'; (4)recommendation of the Product or Service';(5)new brand';' (6) ‘The value of brand'; (7)eliminative'; (8) ‘Bench Marking' and (9) ‘Environmental friendly organization' got the ranks of first to nine respectively and constitute the key factors of customer loyalty in leading retail supermarkets in I-J. Moreover, outcome of the research would be helpful to the practitioners, researchers, planners, policy makers and academicians, who are involved in the concerned area.Keywords: Customers; Customer Loyalty and Retail Supermarkets. 1. 0 Background and Significance In the ever-changing business world, almost every organization pays most attention o the customers ever than before. For any organization, good understanding of customers, their needs and wants, their expectations on price and quality of goods and services increase the potential to succeed. As a result, customer centered marketing has occupied the top place in modern marketing concept. Every organization is ready to pay any means to identify and understand the customers and their needs.Consumers' reaction will be in favor of an organization when their desires and expectations have been either met or exceeded in the course of experiencing the service. In the context of a retail supermarket, satisfaction could be interpreted as Just meeting the expect ations of the customers, not any sort of exceeding or falling short of the expectations. Most of the retailers try to achieve competitive advantage by taking the responses of the customers beyond the level of ‘Just satisfied' towards ‘exceeding their expectations'.Pleasing customers are very harder today (Kettle, 2003). Customers are more challenging component for any organization rather than their competitors. Their buying behaviors are fickle, at least three times a year expecting the best deal from the suppliers. Besides the above, the worst thing is ninety percent of dissatisfied customers Just switched to another supplier without complaining to former supplier (Kettle, 2003). A marketing strategy which is considered today as the best one may not produce same results in future.Thus, every organization must pay their attention in complete satisfaction of their customers. Since, highly satisfied customers more likely become loyal customers and potentially buy the new p roducts introducing by the company and shows the word of mouth and also pay less attention about competitors and other brands as ell. Above to all, considering cost related to customers, cost for retaining existing customers are very less than acquiring the new customers and also existing customers are much more profitable in many ways for instance, word of mouth.Here, word- loyalty or loyal customers captures the predominant place. Because, Hill & Alexander (2006) pointed out that only through the loyalty, customer retention can be secured. 2. 0 Statement of the Problems Factors determining customer satisfaction and customer loyalty have been brought to light by marketing research. But, this information still is far away for some producers engaging in the productions and services. Consequently, producers are unable to exploit this information for their success.According to Verdict consulting research (2007), retail supermarket sector in I-J is one of most competitive segments and a lso pointed out that this competition will create more challenging environment in maintaining their market share. However, some retailers are very successful than their competitors even during the period of European economic downturn. This encouraged the researchers to do this research. We hope that this research will answer the following question regarding customer loyalty effectively. 3. Objectives The present study has the following objectives 1. To examine necessary factors of customer loyalty in leading super markets of I-J; and 2. To determine the key factors of customer loyalty in leading super markets of UK. 3. To suggest some measures in order to improve the customer loyalty in leading 4. 0 Literature Review Managing customer loyalty is the one of major element of customer relationship management. Customer satisfied with the present service of organization will likely satisfy if the firm does the same service later.So every organization has struck with the question how they can increase their loyalty level by adopting the right approaches. Stone (2000) pointed out in his book that â€Å"using information on the customer data base, there is no reason for a customer loyalty programmer other than finely tuned to meeting customers ‘relationships needs†. Loyalty becomes a winning factor for any organization facilitating with high productivity, solid profit and feasibility for steady expansion, competing in present world.When considering the resent states of disloyalty, it is obvious that it would damage the corporate performance by 25 to 50 percent and possibly more (Astrakhan, 2006). Loyalty is defined as â€Å"a state of mind, a set of attitudes, beliefs, desires and so on† (Stone, 2000). Kettle (2008) said that delighted customers become loyal to the organization and customer relationship management (CRM) plays an important role in making customers loyal. Further, among the satisfied customers, completely satisfied customers only can be a delighted one. Thus CRM has to focus on customer delight rather than satisfaction.However, Hill and Alexander (2006) argue that misunderstanding of customer loyalty by the senior manages and marketing executives have mislead strategies for securing the customer loyalty and also criticized that many of them take afford to attract the customers by giving some bribe to customers. Instead, customer loyalty has to be earned by the suppliers and customer retention can be achieved when the suppliers satisfy the requirements raised by the customers better than their rivals. Realty is that in the twenty first century, both not only customers and but also suppliers have to true, faithful and rim in meeting the customers' needs.Furthermore, Hill & Alexander (2006) categorized loyalty into four types such as (1) Monopoly loyalty (where customers have little or no choice and they are completely dissatisfied and far away from devoted); (2) Cost of change loyalty (where customers have choice of alternative suppliers and reluctant to change their current due to the cost and other bothering factors, needs immense afford to change); (3) Incentive loyalty(this is the type of loyalty created by mass advertisement and targeted the customers who are not pending their own money for instance frequent business fliers);(4) Habitual loyalty(this can be viewed most commonly due to the time constraints and familiar routines, convenient location and little afford for instance filling up petrol on the way to work). This paper is focus on this Habitual loyalty. Here, convenient location, size of supermarket, variety of goods, competitive price plays a significant role.Moreover, degrees of loyalty can differ from one customer to another for instance one customer is more loyal than other. Hill & Alexander (2006) defined these degrees as suspects, respects, customers, clients' advocates and partners in a pyramid. According to them, degrees of positive commitment increases along pyramid fr om suspects to partners and also distinguishes the truly loyal customers. Less loyal customer is likely to switch the supplier Based on the previous studies, we can say that there are some studies in different countries, but detailed and comprehensive studies has not yet been conducted in I-J especially in supermarket through exploratory study. Paper Any suspicion of copying or plagiarism in this work will result in an investigation of Academic Misconduct and may result in a â€Å"O† on the work, an â€Å"F† in the course, or possibly more severe penalties, as well as a Disciplinary Notice on your academic record under the Student Code of Academic Conduct, which can be found online at: http://www. Reason. Ca/senate/policies/pappy. PDF. Study of Times waiting at Banks Introduction: The Issues that are going to be studied are the factors that affect waiting time at a Bank service line.Some of the consequences of long Walt time are customer Relation and employee frustration, which leads to a bad reputation for the bank. The motivations for this research are the improvement of service time, increase in the customer satisfaction and better corporate reputation. This proposal comprises the purpose of the project, target population and limitations for research, an explanation of the approach, and the expected results. Purp ose: The purpose of this project is to find the causes of the delay time at a Bank ND find the practical ways to avoid the delays.Scope: The scope of this project will only be limited to Just one particular branch as it would be nearly impossible to obtain data for an entire franchise. We will be looking and analyzing the AD branch located on Horntail SST. Abramson. The target population for this project Includes people of all age ranges going from 12 to 100 specify most of the data that will be collected will be based on daily customers (normally in the age range of 25-55) as they are considerably impacted by the long wait lines as for them time is money.