Executive Summary for Louis Vuitton

Louis Vuitton’s History and Growth: a) The Designer Louis Vuitton's History: The designer Louis Vuitton was born with the name Louis Vuitton Malletier, and he was born in France in a country called Jura in 1821. He started working in France as a young adult, and he became a fashion designer by accident. He was from a working class family, as his father Xavier Vuitton was a farmer, and his mother was a milliner.Louis Vuitton used to walk 250 miles from his hometown to Paris, as he carried different jobs on the road in order to pay for his journey. He also worked on household items which gave him the experience of designing and creating unique and distinguished quality bags and luggage. In 1854, Louis Vuitton married a 17 year old girl called Clemence Emilie parriaux and afterwards he took the decision of establishing his own company on the rue des capuchins, just next to his old boss.He used to advertise his products on a small poster that said â€Å"securely packs the most fr agile objects, specializing in packing fashions† which was very creative at that time. He was succeeding in a fast rate until he became the manufacturer and designer of one of the most luxurious fashion brands in history. Despite the experience Louis Vuitton gained from travelling to France as a teenager, he would never have made it to what he became as one of the most important fashion designers in the world. b)The Brand Louis Vuitton's History and Growth:Whenever anyone hears the name Louis Vuitton, the first thing that pops in minds is the elegant and luxurious women bags and shoes with their famous brown and beige colors and the unique LV logo, which became any elegant woman’s dream to have Louis Vuitton bags and shoes in her closet or her dressing room. Louis Vuitton opened their first store in London along with Oxford Street. Louis Vuitton is also well known for their luxurious and flexible travelling suitcases that were very practical, elegant and useful bags tha t changed the way of travelling.The organization continued their growth as they produced dresses, perfumes and a lot of other fashion industries along with the luxurious bags and shoes. Even to increase the brand value and sales, Louis Vuitton in 1983 joined with the America’s cup in order to form the Louis Vuitton’s cup , which was a yacht race competition. Louis Vuitton in 1987 merged with the Moet ET Chandon and Hennessey in order to form the conglomerate which was known as LVMH. In 1989 Louis Vuitton was operating in about 130 different stores worldwide.Louis Vuitton launched their 150th anniversary of Louis Vuitton’s foundation as they initiated their first global store in shanghai and other stores in Sau Paulo, Johannesburg and Newyork. Louis Vuitton was named the world’s most valuable luxury brand for seven consecutive years. In 1997 Marc Jacobs merged with Louis Vuitton ,in order to design elegant and unique clothing line for both men and women, à ¢â‚¬Å"When I saw the first trunk in Trianon grey canvas,† says Jacobs, â€Å"I said to myself, ‘That's how Louis Vuitton got started and that's how we, too, are going to start, with greys and whites, with a logo hidden inside the clothing. But it resulted in the consumer's disappointment as they were expecting something more elegant and glamorous. Mark Jacobs then brought in the 80’s New York designer Stephen Sprouse to add graffiti style to the monogram canvas, He usen used Jennifer Lopez as a celebrity endorsement in a marketing campaign followed by later celebrity endorsement campaigns done by Uma Thurman and Sean connery, Which was very successful campaigns. Jacobs also did a mixture between the classical and elegant image of the brand with hip hop by hiring Pharrel Williams to design sunglasses collection for Louis Vuitton in 2005.Louis Vuitton started as a retailer for travelling bags at the beginning, followed by the most fashionable retailer of shoes, bag s and purses for women, and now they became the most elegant and distinguished well known brand among other competitors like Christian Louboutin , Christian dior, Calvin Klein and coco channel, as Louis Vuitton also became one of the most famous and distinctive retailers for most of the fashion industries among men and women of all ages. Louis Vuitton's Strengths and Weaknesses a) Louis Vuitton’s strengths:Louis Vuitton is a global brand that has a lot of points of strengths, which makes it crucial for the competitors to be able to cope up with the competition in the market share. Louis Vuitton is known with its elegant and luxurious brand name in the fashion industry which helped Louis Vuitton maintain a unique position in the market. The strong brand name is one of the main points of strengths that any successful company should maintain, and most of the promotions, advertising, marketing strategies and public relations efforts are for the sake of gaining a strong, unique an d recognizable brand name in the minds of consumers.Louis Vuitton has a distinctive and effective marketing strategy that it uses in order to appeal to its target customers, so most of their profit is predictable rather than being just a coincidence as a result of their unique and strong marketing strategy. Louis Vuitton uses the principle of the special order which gives the consumer the opportunity to order a product tailored exactly for him and his own preferences, the special order principle is used in most of the brands with high customer loyalty and high brand names for a distinctive amount of target customers.Louis Vuitton maintains also effective pricing strategies, as they make sales and special offers at the end of the season in order to attract and encourage customers to hurry up and not miss the special offers and discounts, which improves the short-run sales and increases the total sales revenue for the organization. Louis Vuitton is also famous with using the product b undling strategy, which aims to sell more than one product in a combination form, this strategy is used for customers who prefer grouped and combined packages rather than individual products.One of the most famous strategies of Louis Vuitton that makes it distinctive from most of the other brands is that it uses the flawless repairs strategy which gives consumers the right to get their products repaired when damaged which can rarely be found in any other brand. B) Louis Vuitton’s weaknesses: Louis Vuitton’s main weakness is that they have restricted retail opportunity and they distribute their products through their own retailers, so there are few distribution channels for their products, as they don’t distribute their products to outlet retailers which might increase the net sales for the organization.The organization is also known for not using tv ads, which might be very influential on the sales revenue and the brand image , but sometimes it’s influenc e is negative and sometimes positive, so Louis Vuitton organization chose not to use the tv ads at all as they might negatively influence the organization’s reputation in the minds of consumers, and they chose to use instead magazines and newspapers in their promotions, until they recently launched their first ever tv ad known with he theme â€Å"where would life take you† which was a 90 second advertisement, but Louis Vuitton concentrates more on magazines and newspapers as they can last longer than a few seconds tv ad. Business and Marketing Level Strategy It's very important to put into consideration to the place in Louis Vuitton's marketing strategy. In fact, whether we reflect on the shops, their stocking strategy, or their communication straightforwardly into the shops, each point has been strictly planned and codified in advance. Louis Vuitton shops have to be distinctive and unique; just about as a total experience just by them.Christophe Barthelemy (from the f irm fair play) says: â€Å"The shop can no longer look like a shop but like a theatre playing the desire world of the brand†. So, their design is actually essential to the brand. Louis Vuitton's major lines are to encourage and motivate soberness, class, and prosperity in the shades. This is essential in their sensorial marketing strategy which requests to the sense of viewing. For several years Louis vuitton focused more on their competence, image and the design of its products than the sustainability of their stores.But rapidly, the company recognized that their customers as well expected the products to be constantly available in the shops. Louis vuitton realized this bend in the customer's mind and thus, modified its supply chain consequently; if you control your distribution, you control your image'. Because of the success that runs into, LVMH plans on globalizing the concept to more of its distributions in the group. Mr. Carcelle prepared strategic plans to set up the o rganizations general goals. Louis Vuitton's goal is to develop and grow-up faster that their competitors.The reason of attaining lots of companies in a short time was based on the inner growth of LVMH. Mr. Carcelle's thought that what happened for Louis vuitton could happen for his latest smaller brands. He is in for the long run and knows the time lines. Louis Vuitton is reinforcement design teams and continues to increase and fix up their global store network. They persist to devote in promotion and advertising at the same time as making the assets expenditures compulsory to enlarge construction capacity and gather the demand for their products.They have a superior environmental balance and managing over distribution. They had a great support of brand image; they have a strong existence in all luxury divisions plus they are number one in the world with fifty brands. The strategy was based on the established and sustainable development of multi-brands. Louis Vuitton's mission is to characterize the most developed qualities of Western â€Å"Art de Vivre† globally. LVMH should maintain to be the same with both creativity and elegance. Our cultural values and products, they represent combined innovation and tradition, and encourage fantasy and dream.Obviously, there are five priorities reveal the essential values joint by all group stakeholders: 1) Be creative and innovate. 2) Aim for product excellence. 3) Bolster the image of our brands with passionate determination. 4) Act as entrepreneurs. 5) Strive to be the best in all we do. Even though, they did not present a vision statement, the first procession of the mission can proceed as their vision statement, as it classifies the company's enduring goal. By means of †Are de Vivre† meaning †the art of living†, the main objective is to provide people to feel the qualities of are of living.They are an enterprise that owns numerous of luxury brands that sell a variety of high-quality go ods like: accessories, spirits, champagne , apparel ,etc, therefore, the goal they want to accomplish is to embody Western luxury living around the world, since they are an international company. Another objective is to symbolize luxury life, thus they should †continue to be the same with both creativity and elegance† as a reason that luxurious living is frequently associated to these adjectives and their products should be creative and elegant in sequence to represent luxury living.Moreover, they considered five of their major strategies that increase the whole aim. To correspond good at Western luxury living, they should be creative and innovative in order to let their products unique from others, best quality possible and support the company's brands with passionate power as determination of an organization frequently leads to the best quality of work. In addition to, they seek to act as entrepreneurs and do their best to be the best in all they do. It's inaccurate to say competitive strategy- since Louis Vuitton is not a commerce. It doesn't contend with anyone because it is an international of decentralized brands.Every brand has its own story/value plan and its own competitors and distinctive business strategies. Furthermore, Louis Vuitton's corporate strategy is to grip a portfolio of the most treasured, coveted luxury brands and add value throughout its particular resources – sourcing, its supply chain management, brand management and talent. LVMH is the world's primary luxury products group. The strategy of LVMH is based on mixing it's leather goods and fashion. As for the marketing costs, Louis Vuitton's net sales have grown-up 57% in the previous two years. In 2001 LVHM had great earnings growth in a falling economy.This was a reason to the strength of Louis Vuitton, which is the world director in luxury goods and promoted the younger brands from the synergies that residential within the industry group. Every company should focus on their interior design and marketing industry, despite the fact that they helped from shared technical and financial expertise. Everyone is moving on the way to improve sales and its objectives. Louis Vuitton and Marc Jacobs allocated extensively more budget to advertising and promotion this year as the ad market returns from a catastrophic 2009, according to Kantar Media.The whole advertising expenditures during the first half of 2010 are up 5. 7 percent year-over-year and many luxury brands are truly outperforming that development. Especially Louis Vuitton and Marc Jacobs have improved their ad spend by 280 and 57 percent correspondingly. Louis Vuitton spent more than $22 million on advertising crossways all channels between January and June, balanced to to some extent more than $14 million throughout the same period last year, a 57 percent raise. Louis Vuitton is a hard cash cow. It reports for 37% of its group sales and most of it profits.In conjuction with its leather goods a nd product growth strategy, it has expanded the sales by establishing products like: watches, jewelry, sunglasses and a clothing line. Louis Vuitton has constantly exceeded barriers crossways technical, artistic, and logical orders. References: http://www. allbestessays. com/Business/Louis-Vuitton%E2%80%99s-Marketing-Strategy/4158. html http://www. writework. com/essay/strategy-louis-vuitton http://www. kth. se/polopoly_fs/1. 124452! /Menu/general/column-content/attachment/louis%20vuitton. pdf http://www. antiessays. com/free-essays/444469. tml http://suite101. com/article/the-history-and-brand-of-louis-vuitton-handbags-and-purses-a339894 www. modelandshop. com/2010/11/founder-of-louis-vuitton/ http://www. ukessays. com/essays/marketing/louis-vuitton-becoming-successful-in-the-luxury-market-marketing-essay. php http://www. gq-magazine. co. uk/style/articles/2012-07/12/louis-vuitton-history-of-luxury-label-and-outlets-shops-bags-shoes/page/2 http://www. luxurydaily. com/louis-vuitton -marc-jacobs-ramp-up-ad-spend-as-market-improves/ http://www. lvmh. com/the-group/lvmh-group/group-mission-and-values

Pricing Strategy of Alitalia Airline Essay

Price is very important to the seller of any good or service who wants to make a profit. This is due to the reason that most consumers first look at the price, before considering whether or not to buy a good or service. The sellers have to be very careful when setting price, so that the good or service does not appear to be very expensive, since this will discourage the potential clients from purchasing them (Schade and Schlag 2002: 43-52), (McGrath 2000: 37-43). On the other hand, if the good or service appears to be too cheap, the clients will be suspicious of it. There are many strategies that are used by sellers in pricing their goods or services. These include loss leader, price discrimination, cost plus, penetration, limit, predatory, premium, creaming, marginal cost, target pricing among others (Yates 2003: 22-29), (Nagle and Holden 2002: 26-37). This paper will analyse Alitalia’s problems regarding pricing, among other factors. Introduction Alitalia is an Italian airline that began operation in 1947, and transports cargo and passengers in several destinations throughout the world. This airline serves twenty five Italian airports, forty five airports in North Africa, Europe and Middle East. According to Iatrou and Oretti (2007; 23-28) and Hanlon (2007: 26-28), it is one of the members of SkyTeam, an airline alliance that includes such major airlines as AeroMexico, Aeroflot, China Southern, Air France and others. Last year, the airline transported over 24 million passengers which represented an increase of 1. 5% from the previous year. Nature of Alitalia’s problems Alitalia has experienced financial difficulties over the years, which are mostly attributed to problems with crew members and pilots, political interference by the government and labour difficulties. There have been many allegations of mismanagement and misappropriation of cash. Strikes by workers on several occasions have led to flight cancellations which further discourage customers from using the airline. According to Doganis 2006 (34-39), the government uses the airline to reward its cronies, further fostering its mismanagement. In terms of pricing, Alitalia is perceived by many passengers to charge very high prices which are not reflected by the service it offers. The airline’s customer service, among other departments is also not very effective, and many passengers have complained that the services offered are below standard. This makes customers move to other airlines whose prices reflect the services offered. According to Morrell (2007: 56-67), another problem that the airline faces is bureaucracy, and this causes delay in making crucial decisions. Bureaucracy also leads to inefficiency, since there is duplication of efforts (Wilson and Gilligan 2005: 22-29). Finally, the airline also lacks a clear leadership structure since most CEOs are changed very frequently, which hampers continuity. These factors have combined to discourage potential clients from using this airline. The end result is that the airline has suffered losses for very many years. In fact, since Alitalia began operations in 1947, it only made profit in one year, 1998 (Jarach 2005: 44-46). The net losses that Alitalia has experienced over the last decade amount to 3. 7 billion Euro. Government and private sector attempts to help this airline has bore no fruits yet. The airline has such major financial difficulties that stock exchange regulators in Italy requires it to file its debts, each month in order to monitor them. In 2006, Keegan and Schlegelmilch (2001: 55-61) add that, EU forbade the Italian government from injecting further capital, leading to its sale. Alitalia had a plan of filing for bankruptcy thus protecting itself from creditors. The second part was splitting the airline into the profitable and non profitable part and subsequently liquidating the latter. Comparison between FIAT’s and Alitalia’s problems and strategies. FIAT and Alitalia both experienced similar problems, not only in pricing but in mismanagement. According to Laux 1999 (33-38), FIAT began operations in 1899 and dealt with construction and agricultural equipment, commercial vehicles, aviation, natural gas and power distribution among other operations. It was however not doing well financially, with losses accumulating gradually each year. In 2002, the financial problems became clear after it was announced that the company had losses amounting to $1. 2 billion. General motors was a minor shareholder in FIAT, but did not see it fit to further invest in this company in order to help it overcome these financial difficulties. According to Simonis and Garwood (2004: 44-46), FIAT’s financial difficulties were reduced with the entry of Sergio Marchionne as the CEO. He made radical changes that streamlined operations in the company an improved efficiency. He also integrated an innovation facility specialising in innovating transmissions and engines, which was known as Powertrain technologies. The CEO also ensured that the joint venture with General Motors was terminated since he perceived it to hinder the development of FIAT. He also strengthened the governance structure and introduced non executive and independent directors. Alitalia, as discussed above can use FIAT’s solutions; the revolutionary strategy, not only in pricing but in overhauling the entire organisational structure. Other strategies available. Alitalia has very limited choice of strategies, since its problems go beyond pricing (Baker 2002: 17-19). Any other strategies used, that do not include the revolutionary strategy that overhauls the whole organisation, are not likely to increase the company’s profitability. This is due to the reason that the major problem for the airline lies in the organisational structure and mismanagement. Revolutionary pricing strategy. I would highly recommend a revolutionary strategy, not only in pricing, but the overall organisational structure, in solving Alitalia’s problems. This is due to the reason that most of the strategies that have been previously used have not been successful. In choosing a pricing strategy, I would recommend the penetration pricing strategy, which uses low prices to establish a grip on the market. The airline would then break loyalty that customers have on other airlines, and attract them. This should however be done after re-branding the airline, so that customers may perceive it to have changed for the better. In my opinion, pricing is not the major factor that caused Alitalia’s problems; Government interference did, as seen above. The government of Italy kept on pumping capital to the airline until the EU forbade it. It does not make sense to keep on pumping money into an organisation that is inefficient, since the money will just be wasted. Alitalia needs a revolutionary leader such as FIAT’s CEO, Sergio Marchionne who made changes across the organisational structure of FIAT. He also cut the company free from the joint venture with general Motors in order to create room for FIAT to grow. The CEO of Alitalia should do likewise, and free the airline from interference by the government so that there is room for the airline to grow and develop. He or she should overhaul the current organisational structure since that is where the problem is. He or she should then hire open minded, focused, competent and independent managers who will guide the airline towards prosperity (Pollack 2007: 44-48), (Rhonda 2003: 66-75). Other strategies. Organisational changes cannot take place under the current circumstances since the airline has already lost goodwill and reputation from its clients. The airline should be re-branded and a new vision which reflects the current goals and objectives should be set by the management (Buss 2006: 12-14), (Steward 1999: 44-49). The airline should also take advantage of the airline alliance that it is part of. It should utilise the goodwill of the other bigger airlines such as AeroMexico and use code sharing as a means of marketing its flights. It can also reduce several costs due to sharing resources with the other member airlines. Such resources include spare parts, personnel, administration buildings and others (Lu 2003: 55-59). This will reduce the amount of expenditure that it incurs, which is crucial in attaining profits. Conclusion and recommendation. FIAT and Alitalia both faced similar problems that went beyond pricing. In my opinion, pricing is not the major contributor for the decline of Alitalia. Government interference, mismanagement, bureaucracy and poor service, in my opinion are the main contributors to the airline’s downfall. The airline needs to adopt a revolutionary strategy in the entire organisation, like FIAT did. It also needs to free itself from government interference and re-brand in order to market itself as a new product. After doing this, I would recommend penetration pricing strategy as a means of attracting customers from the other airlines. The airline

Year of Wonders

Year Of Wonders Essay 2 Whilst Anys and Aphra are minor characters, they still play an important role in the novel, do you agree? Introduction: In the historical novel The Year Of Wonders, Although the author Geraldine Brooks portrays both Anys and Aphra as support characters, both Anys and Aphra play an important role in the novel, this will be explored in three ways, Anys’s view on the patriarchal society and how she effects the town, Aphra’s importance in the town and her influence on Anna, and lastly Anys’s influence on inspiring and teaching Anna.Anys Gowdie may not have a large acting role in the novel but her presence in the novel compensates for that, Anys plays an important role in the town because of her attitude towards the patriarchal society and her unique views on religion and on the men. In a time where women were living in a society where they were suppressed, uneducated and restricted in their occupations, Anys and Mem demonstrate a new form of w omen that are emerging among the village of Eyam. They challenge the values of the period in several ways.They are highly educated in herbal medicine, independent and non-conforming to the conventions of society. In particular, the Gowdies sense of uniqueness is what allows them to contribute to positively impacting the village. Anys shows how Barber surgeons â€Å"knew nothing of women’s body† and how she does, just by being a woman. Brooks verges on an idea of how logic, science and independence (all followed by the Gowdies) allows one to be stronger than those who oblige themselves to superstition and religion, thus showing us the importance of Anys’s character in the novel.Anys Gowdie doesn’t just have a big impact on the town of Eyam but Anys also plays an important role with her unlikely friendship with Anna. Anys inspires Anna to be a strong, independent woman. For it is â€Å"Truculent Anys† that Anna hears â€Å"whispering impatientlyâ₠¬  in her ear as she tries to deliver the Daniels baby. Anna admires Anys’s strength (â€Å"Why would I marry? I’m not made to be any mans chattel, I have my work, which I love, I have my home- its not much, I grant, yet sufficient for my shelter, but more than these, I ave something very few women can claim: my freedom, I will not lightly surrender it†) and this in turn makes Anna stronger. â€Å"she was a rare creature, Anys Gowdie, and I had to own that I admired her for listening to her own heart rather than having her life ruled by other conventions. Without Anys’s â€Å"guidance Anna wouldn’t have believed she could deliver the baby alone. Aphra Bont is also considered a minor character but like Anys she still plays an important role in the novel.Throughout the novel Aphra is seen as a great contrast to Anna she is portrayed as a cold hearted harsh women and Anna’s view was â€Å"I was always a pair of hands before I was a person, someone to toil after her babies† None the less Aphra was still an important woman without her we wouldn’t have seen the harsh breakdown of society which is shown in the chapter †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ where Aphra’s punishment is carried out by the angry and fragile towns people, Aphra is chucked into a cave filled with pig excrement up to her nose and left there for an entire night, when she emerges from the cave she seems to have gone insane, it is this side of Aphra that signals just how far the town has fallen since the plagues beginning, this scene highlights Aphra’s importance in the novel. However Aphra also plays an important role in the climax of the plot. In a fit of rage (after her decaying daughters head falls off) Aphra stabs and kills Elinor with the very knife that kept Joss Bont stuck to the mine. This is a key scene in the novel, for it is this scene that starts Michael Mompellion down the path of depression, it is after this chapter that Michael M ompellion loses his faith and falls into a pit of despair, which is shown by his comment â€Å"untrue in one thing, untrue in everything. This key scene emphasises the importance of Aphra’s character.

France Debates Its Identity, but Some Ask Why Essay

France Debates Its Identity, but Some Ask Why - Essay Example Although Éric Besson’s ministry seems to connect with debate, he denies any connection between immigration and the debate. On the other hand, Jean-Luc MÃ ©lenchon writes that to be French is to have a French identity card and the rights that go with it. Additionally, French Muslims just like the Arabs react to the debate with resentment claiming discrimination to the French identity. More so, Yazid Sabeg, an Algerian-born businessman, says the French nation is more unified and that the organic sense of being French does exist. Additionally, Mr. Besson argues that Franco-French does not exist and that there is no race. He says that only a shared set of values that include liberty, equality, fraternity, and secularism exist in France (Erlanger Web). There seems to be immense concern on the France identity as portrayed by various French leaders. As such, I think the debate about French identity is worth discussing. I feel that this debate will clearly define the France identity and remove the dark thoughts of discrimination on race and religion. I also feel that very few people in the world understand secularism in the French

Health education in Malawi Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Health education in Malawi - Research Proposal Example According to the United Nations Economic and Social Council , women and girls form a majority of individuals who are undernourished. This statistic reveals the societal inequities that females face in some societies. Women in developing countries are not educated as their male counterparts. They are less educate and, therefore, not well equipped in solving food security issues in their families. To resolve this, most programs involve increasing women’s access to education and improving their decision making power. Education empowers women as it improves the bargaining position of women in household matters. Programs such as IMAGE intervention try to empower women through microfinance ventures. Rural women, through IMAGE, are able to access microfinance services such as credit and savings to rural women (Kim et. al., 2007). IMAGE intervention enables women to start, develop and benefit from their own enterprises. This, in effect, reduces the occurrences of gender-based violence, as women are able to contribute to the economic welfare of the household. Women empowerment is the key to both the economic and food security problems in developing countries such as Malawi. The programs suggested in resolving the aforementioned problems in Malawi should be effective if successfully implemented. They all share one objective, empowering women who are undervalued by the ethnic communities in Malawi and the rest of Africa. In the case of Eva and Peter, the programs would solve their problems to an extent.

Sex and Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sex and Religion - Essay Example The materials provide substantial opportunity to consider the Bible as a great source of authority in maintaining the value or quality of human life. It speaks absolutely of the truth that if everyone and everything would have the foundation of God’s love, the world would suppose to live in perfect unity and harmony. In response to the materials I have read, I can say that to be objective with Biblical interpretation, which is an act that should have a high level of divine guidance, humans should have significant discerning of things around them that would ultimately guide them towards the right and necessary actions to do in life. Applying this principle in working with clients in the area of sexuality or sexual diversity would show us a remarkable advantage due to the following reasons that I believe essential or vital in ensuring a good working relationship. First, the use of the Bible as objective source of authority in dealing with clients in the area of sexuality or sexu al diversity provides wisdom that has proven to provide the appropriate act to ensure good moral values. The Bible and the words written in it could provide the appropriate standard on what to do, which the bottom line is to maximise the presence of love and its power to change lives. For this matter, I believe that when counseling couples for instance, who have been having troubles in ensuring to make their relationship stand amidst troubles and perfect misunderstandings, the Biblical contexts and principles would make a good opportunity to guarantee support for harmony, respect and love. The Bible connects itself to the current issues of the human life, not only in the past, it also continues at present and in the future. Reading the materials, provides me a considerable thought that every issue of the human life is demonstrated in the Bible for us to learn in advance of many things about life. Thus, this convinces me that the Bible should be the human’s ultimate source or guide for daily living. Issues like homosexuality, marriage and any related topics like these are discussed in the Bible. However, it is also important that there is divine guidance from the ultimate source of absolutely right and correct wisdom, God, who is capable us providing us the right interpretation of the Biblical text. Thus, the idea of holiness is I belief would make sense concerning this point. Truly, I believe that there should be absolute standard of what is universally correct or right, even if we are living in diversity because we are all human beings, having the same ability to feel the same and react to our environment in the same pattern or trend. This convinces me that the idea of Jesus for the good of the humanity is applicable to all people coming from different nations and tribes because its main point is for the good of everyone, not to harm. That is why the idea of Jack Roger to consider Jesus Christ as the center of the Scripture would make sense, implying f urther that the Bible and Christ teachings and He Himself should be one. This therefore would allow us to place higher authority in the Scripture, allowing us to use it in all occupations, particularly in the prevailing diversity in the area of sexuality. Second, based on my first point of view, I noticed that religion using the Bible with perfect and great authority has important implication in every lifestyle, because based on the articles; the Scripture is capable of instructing us concerning the varying views and experiences of life. Religious doctrines according to the article of Thomas Armiger provide essential connection to the human faith. It is

Westpac Banking Corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 3

Westpac Banking Corporation - Essay Example Headquartered in Melbourne, Australia, it is a major international banking and financial services group employing over 30,000 people. ANZ began its operations as the Bank of Australasia in the 1830s. During its evolution, ANZ has transacted (merged and acquired) with dozens of banks to arrive at its current standing. ANZ today is the largest bank in New Zealand with assets over $335 billion. ANZ is a publicly listed company and has a footprint in Australia, New Zealand, Asia, Pacific, UK/Europe, India and the USA. The year 2006 marked a golden year for Westpac with profitability surging to $3.6 billion, which is 16% higher than the previous year (ANZ Company Profile). Â  Established in 1874, Bank of Queensland is Australia’s fastest-growing retail bank with a network of over 200 branches. It ranks among top 150 listed companies in Australia. In the year 2006, Bank of Queensland reported earnings of $82 million, a 21% increase over the previous year. The earnings surpassed expectations of the management as well as shareholders. Â  Westpac’s approach to corporate governance is based on a set of values and behaviors that ensure transparency and fair dealing and protect shareholder interests. The Board at Westpac monitors local as well as global developments in best practice corporate governance particularly to analyze their ramifications for Westpac. Â  The Australian Stock Exchange Limited (ASX) listing rules require listed entities like Westpac to furnish a statement in their annual report whereby the company discloses the extent to which it has complied with the 28SASXCGC Best Practice Recommendations for the reporting period, and to justify any variances observed. Â  

Recycling Tires Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Recycling Tires - Research Paper Example Tire recycling is also referred to as rubber recycling and it is described as the process of recycling used motor vehicle tires that are no longer fit for use on the vehicles as a result of irreparable damage or wear and tear (Schackelford, p. 1555). Due to their nature, tires are taken to be among the largest type of waste that is most problematic to deal with (Price and Edgar, p. 363). Their problematic nature during recycling is also attributed to the fact that they are produced in large volumes because of the high number of motor vehicles on our roads and due to their durability (Oskamp, p. 160). It is because of these same problematic characteristics of tires that make them to be one of the most commonly reused waste items due to the resilience of rubber that makes it suitable for use in other products (Porter, p. 176). This paper will define the problem of tire recycling in society and propose the possible solutions and treatments to the said problem. The Problem of Recycling U sed Tires Recent studies reveal that approximately one tire is disposed off by one person every year (Price and Edgar, p. 363). As seen in this paper, tires are essentially used in every motor vehicle, ranging from trucks, buses, tractors and cars among others. All these different types of motor vehicles make use of at least four tires, all with varying shapes, forms and sizes (Porter, p. 189). When tires are used for a significant period of time, they become naturally worn out due to the friction with the road and other damages such as punctures (Schackelford, p. 1555). This makes the said tires to be unsuitable for use on the motor vehicles and the need to replace them with new ones arises. The problem comes about with the large number of tires that are being disposed on a continuous basis (Carl, p. 98). According to statistics from population census results in different countries, more and more individuals, families and organizations are acquiring motor vehicles at the dawn of ea ch day (Ackerman, p. 57). With each motor vehicle comes at least four tires that will keep the vehicle running for some time and eventually need disposal and replacement because of the wear and tear that they succumb to. Other statistics also reveal that the number of tires being disposed is reaching threatening levels, especially if not disposed well (Burn, p. 612). With the amount reaching as high as 300 million, an alternative solution has to be sought so as to save the environment from the possible dangers that arise from careless disposal of tires (Porter, p. 112). More often than not, especially in the past years, used tires have been disposed by piling them up in yards or unoccupied fields of land. This normally forms a landfill (Porter, p. 115). In the past years, discarded automobile tires used to be discarded in piles that were usually an eyesore to many people (Carl, p. 28). The same tires would also be a problem because of the fire hazard that they brought to the surroun ding environment. This was before many people had taken environmental protection seriously and did not understand the need to dispose off tires properly (Price and Edgar, p. 364). The Environmental Protection Agency in the United States of America reveals that the number of scrap tires that are generated in the United States alone each year is slightly above 290 million (Price and Edgar,

Feedback and Behavior Reinforcement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Feedback and Behavior Reinforcement - Essay Example Secondly, the task itself, or its outcome can be a good source of feedback. If the outcome is not as desired, then it indicates that the task was not performed in the right manner. Thirdly, self observation is also a source; however, there will be possibilities of biasness or misinterpretation in feedback obtained from oneself. b. Define upward feedback and 360 — degree feedback. A typical organizational context adopts a top-down approach to feedback on performance issues. However, contemporary management is adopting an upward feedback in which the managers are evaluated by their subordinates, thus receiving upward feedback. Similarly, when feedback is sought from subordinates, colleagues, peers, external stakeholders and also superiors, it constitute the 360-degree feedback. c. Distinguish between extrinsic and intrinsic rewards, and give a job-related example of each, and also summarize the research lessons about pay performance and explain why rewards often fail to motivate employees. Extrinsic rewards are those that are acquired from external sources such as finance, material or social environment. These include pay incentives, bonuses, material rewards and recognition, promotions etc. In job contexts, extrinsic rewards are given in the form of pay-rise and/or promotions.

Definition of motivation in work Essay Example for Free

Definition of motivation in work Essay Introduction At any enterprise the main resource is human. Orientation to the highly skilled and initiative labor integrated into system of production, a continuity of process of enrichment of knowledge and professional development, flexibility of the organization of work, delegation of responsibility from top to down, partnership between participants of production all this conducts to creation of new model of development and use of human resources. The motivation is an actual element of this process which provides reciprocity of interests of the employer and personnel and guarantees efficiency of activity of the organization. The motivation is a complex of the motives which are inducing or not inducing to certain acts, this creation of system of the incentives necessary for achievement of the purpose of the organization. Satisfaction of the employee of the enterprise with conditions and compensation, relations with colleagues and heads, management policy for the personnel, in many respects defines interest and the employees motivation on effective and productive work. The periodic assessment of satisfaction with work of firm personnel helps to reveal weak links in structure of human resource management, to develop system of the additional incentives allowing to eliminate or compensate the work factors which are least satisfying the personnel. Relevance of the chosen subject is explained by it. Motivated employees are one of the key factors that provide competitive advantage for businesses. By determining the best way to encourage and boost  employee’s performance in organizations the management ensures success of their company, on the market field. Customized employee motivation i.e. best incentive for each employee individually, is what gets the organization closer to reaching its goals and objectives. More specifically, it deals with demographically determined (age and gender) differences in the motivational profiles of the workers. The employees from both genders and all age subgroups are mostly motivated by challenging job positions, advancement opportunities, good compensation packages i.e. money and well managed/good work environment. At the same time, benefits, job security and location of the work place are less of a motivator for all demographic subgroups. Still, this research study suggests that some statistically significant differences do exist. The two genders give significantly different importance to benefits as a motivator, while, the age subgroups give significantly different importance to security, work environment and challenge. A milestone in organization’s success is to develop strong relationship with the employees, to fulfill workers’ expectations (good working conditions, fair pay, fair treatment, secure career, power and involvement in decisions) and in return, to have them follow the rules and regulations, work according the standards and achieve goals, (Khan, et al., 2010). In order to address these expectations it is required for the management to have understanding of employees’ motivation. The HRM professionals are the ones to have significant role in fulfilling this ai m and hence, to assist the company’s management in building relationship with their employees. The challenge for organizations and their policies is to bring the best applicants successfully through the recruitment and hiring process, but also to retain them and to provide them with the environment and structures in order to motivate them to give their best (Hussai, 2007). Moreover, motivation plays important role, since dissatisfaction leads to high employee turnover particularly in less developed or developing countries where little employment opportunities are available to people (Khan, et al., 2010). Motivation is a tool managers can use in organizations and if they know what drives the people working for them, they can tailor job assignments and rewards to what makes these people ―tickâ€â€" (Tella, et al., 2007). Motivation can also be considered as whatever it takes to encourage workers to perform by fulfilling or appealing to their needs. According to Gibbons (1999) and Tella, et al. (2007) high performance motivated workforce is very important element for successful businesses, and this study is inspired by the power that the motivation has within the organizations in increasing their performance. No matter how automated an organization may be, high productivity depends on the level of motivation and the effectiveness of the workforce (Tella, et al., 2007). Hence, managers who use the most effective motivation tools and techniques will provide competitive advantage and profits to their companies. Managers must be ready and willing to customize the best deals in town in order to recruit, retain, and motivate the best people, argued Gilbert (2003, p.1), referring to the importance of customized incentives provided to different generations. In this regard, the aim of this research is to examine the issue of customized motivation management, or more specifically, the issue of applying different motivation tool to different types of employees, depending on their priorities and preferences. In particular, the research will analyze some of the motivating factors and how different their importance is for workers of different age and gender. By determining what the employee’s priority is – high compensation, good work environment or maybe the location of the workplace, this research will determine what would be the best incentive the company should apply. Importance of Motivation of Employees within Organizations One of the main responsibilities of the Human Resources and other management professionals in a company is to achieve competitive success and advantage through the employees they have hired. ―The managers who can create high levels of motivation can get more work from five employees than their less inspiring counterparts can get out of ten, and this is a form of competitive advantage that is hard to denyâ€â€" (Wagner and Hollenbeck, 2010, p.81). Successful recruitment process and successful placement of an employee on the demanding position leads to a new challenging situation where both sides, employee and employer, must take and give the best of the position that was filled. Otherwise, both sides are losing money and time and are becoming dissatisfied. The motivation as career growth and business development factor is very important at this post recruitment stage and is one of the factors that catalyze the process of giving the bestâ€â€" by the  worker and ―taking the maximumâ€â€" by the employer. To summarize, the importance of motivation is high, as is the role it plays, when it comes to employee retention and performance improvement within organizations. Moreover, it can lead to: business development, increasing profits and building competitive advantage. It deserves time and effort to be evaluated and further on, to be applied as efficient managerial tool. Herzberg’s two-factor theory Herzberg’s two-factor theory argues that his hygiene factors such as salary, benefits, working conditions or job security, are also considered to be extrinsic in nature, while motivational factors, such as, the job itself (challenging or not), growth and advancement, achievement (James, 2008); or job autonomy, job complexity and innovativeness (Vaananen, et al., 2005), are considered to be intrinsic in nature. The factors that will be analyzed in this research are determined based on the Frederick Herzberg’s research (Herzberg, 2003), in which he evaluated the following ten extrinsic/hygiene motivators: security, status, relationship with subordinates, relationship with peers, salary, work condition, relationship with supervisor, supervision, company policy and administration, and personal life. At the same time, the following six intrinsic motivators were evaluated: achievement, recognition, work itself, responsibility, advancement and growth. This research will examine the importance of the following seven motivational factor: money, benefits, location, job security, work environment (as extrinsic), then challenge and advancement opportunities (as intrinsic factors). The motivator money refers to Herzberg’s salary factor; the motivator benefits relates to his company policy and administration; location refers to personal life, since it directly influences the work-life balance and the time employees spend on their personal needs. The motivator work environment includes Herzberg’s relationship with subordinates, relationship with peers, relationship with supervisor, supervision and work condition. Security was evaluated as it is by Herzberg, as well. As for the extrinsic factors, advancement was also evaluated as it is by Herzberg, while challenge that will be used in this research mostly relates to work itself (as per Herzberg) since it refers to specific characteristics of the job itself and how interesting and challenging they are to the employee. In  conclusion, based on the importance these seven factors have for an employee when choosing a new job and leaving the current one, or while still performing on the current position, we determine/define the term motivational profile for the research purposes of this thesis. Definition of target group of the interrogated For the analysis of this poll I chose young people aged from 22-25 years which just graduated from the university and got a job. As well as any person, these workers too have certain motivational force. So, 12 workers, from them 7 guys and 5 girls took part in my poll. Distribution by Education Distribution by Department Distribution by Industry Determining the type, strength and direction of employee motivation units Using the questions given questionnaires to determine the type, strength and direction of the motivation of employees selected structural unit. To do this, this form must be filled by a worker units (not less than 10 people). Next, i need to calculate the score for each respondents answer. Compare the answers of all respondents. About the study of labor motivation of employees Results of motivational dough On the basis of the carried-out analysis I can draw a conclusion that most of young people choose financial motives, and it means what exactly the salary plays an important role at a work place choice. Conclusion Theories of motivation is the Herzberg Two Factor Theory. His theory also relies on the needs and their satisfaction concept, but according to this theory, the needs are grouped in two levels/groups: 1) hygiene or dissatisfaction avoidance factors (imperative to be satisfied) and 2) motivating or growth factors (additional motivating force after the basic needs are satisfied). He suggests that ―the factors involved in producing job satisfaction (and motivation) are separate and distinct from the factors that lead to job dissatisfactionâ€â€" (Herzberg, 2003, p.6). Herzberg also characterized the two groups of motivating factors according their origin. The dissatisfaction avoidance or hygiene factors are extrinsic to the job, and come from outside the person, and those are: company policy and administration, supervision, interpersonal relationships, working conditions, salary, status, security etc. Growth or motivating factors are intrinsic to the job, that come from within the person and those are:  achievement, recognition, the work itself, responsibility, and growth or advancement. At workplace, the employees must be provided with good extrinsic factors (good pay, good environment, safety etc) in order not to be unhappy. Further on, if the employers need them motivated to perform even better, they need to provide the additional intrinsic factors. Proceeding from results of motivational dough I came to a conclusion that according to the Herzberg’s two-factor theory the greatest importance for young employees is played by hygienic factors, to be exact economic factors, such as: a salary and awards, social advantages, pension privileges, holiday and training which is paid by the employer. Factors, the second for value, proceeding from results of this dough it: achievement and cooperation. And it means, what not all young workers choose hygienic factors. There are workers for whom motivators, such as are important: a freedom of action through achievements and cooperation with other workers. To conclude, many studies show that the age has an important effect on motivation. Still, in some research studies, the authors suggest that there are some motivating factors that do not have significantly different importance for employees at different age (Ross, 2005; Stead, 2009). The list of the used literature: 1. Khan, K.U., Farooq, S.U. and Ullah, M.I. (2010), The Relationship between Rewards and Employee Motivation in Commercial Banks of Pakistan, Research Journal of International Studies (14), p.37-54, [On Line], Available From: http://www.eurojournals.com/rjis_14_06.pdf, Accessed: 01.04.2011 2. Tella, A., Ayeni, C.O. and Popoola, S.O. (2007), Work Motivation, Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment of Library Personnel in Academic and Research Libraries in Oyo State, Nigeria, Library Philosophy and Practice, April 2007, [On Line], Available From: http://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/~mbolin/tella2.pdf , Accessed: 01.01.2010 3. Wagner, J. and Hollenbeck, J. (2009), Organizational Behavior: Securing Competitive Advantage, 1st edition, New York, Routledge 4. Vaananen, A., Pahkin, K., Huuhtanen, P., Kivimaki, M. Vahtera, J., Theorell, T. and Kalimo, R. (2005), Are intrinsic motivational factors of work associated with functional incapacity similarly regardless of the country?, Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2005(59), p.858-863, [On Line], Available From: http://jech.bmj.com/content/59/10/858.full , Accessed: 10.02.2010 5. Vaskova, R. (2006), Gender Differences in Performance Motivation, [On Line], Available From: http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/ewco/2006/01/CZ0601NU04.htm, Accessed: 03.02.2010 6. Herzberg, F. (2003), One More Time: How Do You Motivate Employees?, Harvard Business Review, Jan 2003, p.86-96, [On Line], Available From: http://hbr.org/2003/01/one-more-time/ar/1, Accessed: 21.04.2010 7. Ross, W. (2005), The Relationship Between Employee Motivation, Job Satisfaction and Corporate Culture, [On Line], Available From: http://uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/2584/thesis_roos_w.pdf?sequence=36, Accessed: 31.07.2011

Function of Water in the Human Body

Function of Water in the Human Body Water mainly enters the human body through the food and drink we consume. A small proportion of water is obtained from oxidative metabolism e.g. in respiration. Human beings mainly lose water by excretion in urine and faeces. Water is also lost through evaporation e.g. as sweat (Campbell N. A. et al. 1999, Frederic H.M. 2006) The kidneys are highly specialised organs of the body and play an important role in homeostasis. The kidney maintains homeostasis by regulating water balance, waste removal and blood composition and pressure. The kidneys dispose of waste by-products of metabolism and hence prevent the build up of toxic products in the body and to regulate the chemical components of the bodys fluids by responding to any imbalances of body fluids. These functions are fulfilled by a process of filtration of blood, which mainly includes the movement of solutes between the internal fluid and external environment. The movement of solutes is normally through a transport epithelium, in the case of the kidney it is in the form of a tubular channel; this tubular channel gives the kidney a large surface area. The kidneys weigh less than 1% of the human body, they receive approximately 2 % of blood pumped with each heartbeat. Urine exits the kidney through a duct called the ureter. The ureters of both kidneys drain into a common urinary bladder. Urine leaves the body from the urinary bladder to the urethra which empties near the vagina in females or through the penis in males. (Campbell N. A. et al. 1999, Michael F. et al. 2001) At one end the nephron forms a cup-shaped structure called glomerulus From the glomerulus a tube runs towards the centre of the kidney first forming a twisted region called the proximal convoluted tubule and then a long hair-pin loop in the medulla, it runs back upwards into the cortex where it forms another twisted region called the distal convoluted tubule, this then joins a collecting duct which leads down the medulla and into the renal pelvis The functional unit of the kidney is a nephron. Microscopic sections of the kidney show that the kidney is made up of thousands of nephrons. Fig1b shows the location of a nephron and Fig2 shows the detailed structure of a nephron. Each renal capsule is supplied with blood by the afferent arteriole a branch of the renal artery this splits into many capillaries in the capsule which then rejoin to form the afferent arteriole. The nephrons structure is closely related to its function of regulating solutes Osmoregulation is maintaining constant levels of water in the body. Cells cannot survive a huge deviation from its osmolality. Hence, cells have a continuous movement of water across their plasma membranes. A net gain of water will cause the cell to swell up and burst, while a net loss of water will cause the cell to shrivel up and die. Water is transported by osmosis around the body. Osmoregulation is accomplished by creating an osmotic gradient; this requires lots of energy and is done by maintaining solute concentrations in the body fluids. The osmolality of the body is fixed at a mean of 2905 mosmos/g. The kidney is able to maintain a constant osmolality as its able to adjust the rate of water excretion over a wide range. The volume of the extra-cellular fluid is mainly determined by the concentration of sodium ions, hence slight adjustments to the renal excretion rate have a major impact on the extracellular fluid volume. Changes in tubular sodium transport is accompanied by parallel movements of water, this results in no net change in body fluid osmolality (Campbell N. A. et al. 1999, Frederic H.M. 2006, Michael F. et al. 2001) The loop of Henle creates a longitudinal osmotic gradient across the medulla; this aids the reabsorption of water and other important solutes. Ascending and descending limb are parallel and adjacent to each other with a layer of tissue fluid in between. Fluid enters from the proximal convoluted tubules flows down the descending limb and then up the ascending limb. This is known as a counter-current flow. Thewalls of the descending limb are permeable to water, while the walls of the ascending limb are impermeable to water. The ascending limb of the Loop of Henle is made up of a thick walled tubule which is impermeable to the outward movement of water but not salt. The red arrows on fig3 show the movement of water amd solutes along the loop of Henle and the collecting duct. Also, the walls of the ascending limb contain pumps to remove sodium chloride from the lumen and add it to the surrounding interstitial fluid. Hence sodium and chloride ions are actively transported out of the ascen ding limb. This is the site of reabsorption in the kidney, here fluid from theenters and the kidney reabsorbs all the useful solutes and water. The permeability of the loop and the collecting duct depends on the osmolality of the blood and is controlled by a negative feedback mechanism by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus A high concentration of salt builds up in the medullary tissue, this together with urea retention by these tissues, helps build up a high osmotic pressure in the medullary tissue. This creates a gradient of 200 mosm/g across the tubular wall at any point and causes a loss of water from the descending limb. The loss of water concentrates sodium and chloride ions in the descending limb. Salt concentration in the medullary tissue is highest at the apex of the loop, the tissue in the deeper layers of the medulla contain a very concentrated solution of sodium ions, chloride ions and urea. The fluid leaving the ascending limb is hypo-osmolar as compared to the fluid that enters and has a osmolality of approximately 100 mosm/g .Sodium and chloride ions diffuse out in the lower part of the ascending limb. Fluid passes down the collecting duct through the medullary tissue of increasing salt concentration, water can pass out of it by osmosis. The reabsorbed water is carried away by blood capil laries (Campbell N. A. et al. 1999, Frederic H.M. 2006, Michael F. et al. 2001) Control of water regulation Osmoregulation by the kidney involves a negative feedback mechanism. The osmoreceptors are in the hypothalamus and the effectors are the pituitary gland and the walls of the distal convoluted tubules. Osmoreceptors detect alterations of water levels and send impulses to the pituitary gland which then increase or decrease the production of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). In the case of a low osmolality,when the nerve cells are stimulated by osmoreceptors action potentials travel down them, this causes ADH to be released from their endings into the blood capillaries in the posterior pituitary gland from here it is distributed throughout the body. ADH acts on the plasma membranes of the cells of the collecting ducts. ADH is picked up by a receptor on the plasma membrane which then activates an enzyme. This causes vesicles with water permeable channels to fuse with the plasma membrane hence ADH makes the membrane more permeable to water than usual. Hence more water will be reabsorbed by the collecting duct and more concentrated urine will be produced. On the other hand, when the blood water content rises the osmoreceptors are no longer stimulated and hence do not lead to the secretion of ADH. Hence, ADH secretion slows down and the collecting duct cells become less permeable to water, so less water is reabsorbed and more diluted urine is produced  (Campbell N. A. et al. 1999, Frederic H.M. 2006, Michael F. et al. 2001) In conclusion, the regulation of water is essential for the survival of human beings and is carried out by the kidneys and monitored by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus and controlled by the pituitary gland. Each of these plays an equally important role in the regulation of water and without any one of them the body will not be able to function in a normal manner. [Words: 1328]

Are Emotions Ethically Significant? :: Philosophy Philosophical Papers

Are Emotions Ethically Significant? Introduction The ethical significance of the emotions is a potentially enormous and difficult topic. Some of the positions that can be maintained include: 1 No moral judgements (either positive or negative) can legitimately be made of emotions. 2 Emotions are subject to moral praise or blame in just the same way (or, analogous to the way) that acts are. 3 Emotions are subject to moral praise or blame, but in a very different way from acts. 4 Emotions are the primary carriers of value, while rationality is purely instrumental ('reason is a value-neutral technique'); therefore moral judgement should properly concern itself only with the emotions, their origins and effects. The issue The issue is ambiguously, and hence interestingly, stated by Brecht in Der Dreigroschenoper. Polly Peachum, who is trying unsuccessfully to resist the emotional and sensual spell of Macheath, sings the soulful "Barbara-Song", including in the first stanza the line "Ja, da muss man kalt und herzlos sein." [Indeed, one must be cold and heartless] (Note "man"; Polly here is trying to state a general truth, not (yet) directly applying it to herself.) Since we (and Macheath) know that he cares little about Polly in the way she would like to be cared for, can we say that Macheath's emotional attentions to her are unethical? Or not? On what basis? Two arguments that there is no ethical significance to the emotions Before proceeding to the analysis, we must consider two possible arguments against the thesis that emotional states are subject to any moral praise or blame at all. If they are not, then that is the end of the discussion, or rather, it is the beginning of a different discussion. I believe these arguments fail, but the reasons why each fails point the way to understanding why and in what way the emotions do have ethical significance. First argument The first argument is this: (a) An act (including failure to act) can be subject to moral praise or blame only to the extent that it directly or indirectly affects (harms or benefits) the agent himself, or a moral patient (up to and including Nature as a whole), or if the agent could reasonably (as a moral agent) have anticipated this effect. (b) However, by this definition the ethical significance of the act lies only in its actual or possible consequences, and in the intentions and beliefs held by or ascribed to the agent concerning them.

Essay --

Executive summary With the arrival of WEB 2.0, business communications are no longer one way, rather, they create interaction between messenger and receiver. An organization’s website allows visitors to share and participate in the discussion. Organizations are increasingly abstaining from releasing all communications at once; rather, they are releasing bites of information in order to create a â€Å"buzz.† Social media captures information, organizes it, and presents it in context. Organizations are imbedding social media applications on their websites for the purpose of gaining business intelligence. Organizations are shaping their business strategies based on this intelligence. It’s important for organizations to understand that as result of social media, a company’s image extends far beyond the contents of its website. Through social media, a single message can go viral very quickly. An organization must be quick on acting upon any measure of success. Just as positive information about a company and its products can go viral, so can negative information as well. Organizations have found the need to create professional teams in charge of monitoring all communications surrounding a company. These communicatons take place on a 24/7 basis. Web 2.0 is serving as an experimental platform for professional communicators. Organizations are hiring software developers to design social media applications that are industry specific and allow consumers to interact with the organization. Organizations are gathering data on consumers through social media channels. Organizations are developing their own communications applications. The communications field has evolved substantially in the last decade. The arrival of new technologies has transla... ...ating a vast number of professional opportunities for people entering the field and for those with prior professional experience. For professionals who have learned to use all of the tools brought on by WEB 2.0, it’s translated into professional advancement. On the other hand, professionals who have chosen not to participate in the technological frenzy are not being promoted and their careers have stalled. For professionals like Anne Canty, the arrival of WEB 2.0 has given her a change to â€Å"put into action, management philosophies that she longed embraced, and also a chance to learn how to work with social media.† Although Canty believes that there will always be professional opportunities for those with good writing and listening skills, video editing and infographics(See bottom of page 5) are two areas where she believes â€Å"there will be increasing amounts of work.†

dying in the eyes of shakespeare :: essays research papers

Dieing in the eyes of Shakespeare In this sonnet â€Å"That time of year thou may’st in me behold† Shakespear uses nature to describe life’s stages, while painting a vivid picture of nature in autumn, we can see his state of mind when using metaphors. The author intertwines nature, time, life, aging, and death in such broadness that the personal reactions and perceptions of the poem are broad as well, as a good metaphor does. When speaking of autumn the author fist refers to it as â€Å"That time of year†. Furthermore, he describes the season as â€Å"When yellow leaves, or none, or few, do hang† the brightness of the yellow leaves suggest light which equals life. As the speaker goes on, â€Å"In me thou see’st the twilight of such day. As after sunset fadeth in the west†, one can see that â€Å"twilight† and â€Å"fadeth† suggest he is dieing. Moreover, this has a direct reference on the author’s golden years. Shakespeare uses the most decaying weather season of a year and the fading of the day’s sun light to replicate his feeling of aging and getting closer to death. He then refers to night as death by saying; â€Å"Death’s second self that seals up all in rest† rest represents a deep peaceful sleep that he may never awaken from. Furthermore, he proceeds into the conclusion of his theme with the permanent ending of death. â€Å"That on the ashes of his youth doth lie, As the deathbed whereon it must expire.† He compares life to a glowing fire, another one of nature’s elements and once again using the luminosity component of it. Which he believes is the brightest in his youth and now he lies in the ashes of his life, yet still burning. The author mentions how life has consumed all the fire that he has left in him, leading one to believe that he does not have much more to give, therefore, dying. Nature has the stages of the season and also of the day; our daily cycles are much more like our life stages than seasons.

Weekly Topics

Topics for in-class Debates Chapter 1 â€Å"Mason talked about self-actualization as the zenith of human fulfillment. You can only fulfill yourself by owning your future. That's what entrepreneurs do. Therefore if you are not an entrepreneur, you will never be any good† – discuss pro and against. Chapter 2 â€Å"In order to succeed in business, you must first slay three dragons – family, friends and religion† – discuss pro and against.Chapter 4 â€Å"The ends will always Justify the meaner. If you own face book no one cares if you are a good bloke† – Discuss pro and against. Chapter 5 â€Å"Anyone can be an entrepreneur. Ideas are like the police. There is always one around the next corner† – Discuss pro and against. Chapter 6 â€Å"Entrepreneurs are made not born† – Discuss pro and against. Chapter 9 â€Å"Entrepreneur or manager, you can't be both† – discuss pro and against. Chapter 10 Mimi d on't need to be an entrepreneur to sell rice to China.You Just need a good advertising agency' – discuss pro and against. Chapter 13 â€Å"A good lawyer can make anything ethical, given enough money and political influence† – discuss pro and against. Chapter 14 1 . â€Å"The best entrepreneurs are White, Christian and come from First World cultures† – discuss pro and against. Chapter 16 ‘Every plan fails contact' – Erwin Roomer. Business plans are useless – Discuss pro and against. Chapter 8 â€Å"The bigger the ship, the harder it is to turn. You can't change big bureaucratic companies internally' – Discuss pro and against.

Pit Bull Law In Ontario Essay

The pit bull law is a touch and go law, it is one of those laws that doesn’t get enforced until this dog actually does something that would get it attention of the police, in which case they would take your pit bull away from you and put it down. Most people blame the bad reputation of pit bulls on bad owners, Pit bulls have been known as bad dogs since criminals started adopting them in the 70’s-80’s and using them in illegal dog fights and self defense dogs to protect drugs and money usually, pit bulls are very intimidating dogs that’s why they where chosen for all this stuff. Tons of sources and people all say that pit bulls make amazing family dogs, numerous people say that the key to a good dog is a good and loving owner, and make a great family dog that are good with kids and other animals only if trained right. The law is also hurting people too, there are a lot of pit bull breeders that are now not legally aloud to breed the only breed they know how to breed which is a violation of there rights. The government cant make you get rid of a pit bull you already own but there are very strict guidelines as to take care and keep these dogs away from society. The bill should be appealed, all dogs bite. Just these dogs need special attention just like every other dog to be a good dog. First of all the big reason why there is a ban on pit bull breeding and ownership of pit bulls is because of the bad reputation that they have accumulated over the past 40 or so years one of the first uses of the pit bull was to fight bears and bulls and stuff and people used that as entertainment, after that got banned for being rules as cruel to animals they came up with a new sport for the dogs which was to pin them up against each other in a pit for a fight to the death and people would bid money on the winners and ect†¦ the dogs where bred to kill. But it was made very illegal very fast and banned in all 52 states and Canada. That breed was very dangerous, but since the 80’s making that killer breed was illegal so that pure killing machine isn’t really around anymore but you cant take it all out of the gene, but it can be easily controlled with proper training and a loving owner. But that’s not always the case bad people do get there hands on these dogs to often and treat them with no respect, love or care and give don’t them proper obedience training. â€Å"Many of the pit bull attacks are due to a skyrocketing number of poorly bred and badly trained dogs raised by backyard breeders, who are trying to cash in on the pit bull’s growing reputation as a cheap, but deadly effective guard dog, particularly in urban areas.† This is a quote from The Houston Chronicle placing the blame almost solely on the humans. Before the 80’s pit bull attacks where almost unheard of in fact there where an American icon along with bull dogs. Pit bulls where used on military poster for the first world war and in other posters, the pit bull was in a lot of households across America. The second topic would be how this law in Ontario has affected people’s jobs in breeding. Because of the new law breeders that have perfected there breed and only have knowledge in the pit bull breed, now that that has been taken away from them it is violating there rights as people, they have been stripped of there jobs because of an unfair law that has no reason to even be a law. Ontario breeders argue the ban violates breeders’ constitutional rights. Hundreds of supporters of pit bull-type dogs gathered in front of the provincial legislature to protest. Other supporters, including the American Staffordshire Club of Canada, say that Ontario’s law is so vague and unscientific that it will affect many animals that shouldn’t be banned. In a widely reported case, Toronto police fired more than a dozen bullets into two pit bulls that had turned on the man who was walking them as a favor for a friend. In another in London, Ont., a woman and her seven-year-old son watched in horror as a pit bull latched onto her husband’s arm as he tried to keep the family puppy out of the dog’s reach. While some breeders are fighting the ban, others are leaving the province. Pit bulls aren’t really an identifiable breed, added Hillier, so the law only provides a physical description of dogs, which he said could be applied to many breeds. The vague description of pit bulls in the legislation — which speaks of broad shoulders, short hair and a wide forehead Pit bull bans are â€Å"ridiculous and cruel,† she added, and have already been lifted in other provinces, many U.S. states and countries around the world. Everyone knows it’s the deed, not the breed, that’s the problem. We know that German shepherds, we know that Labrador retrievers, we know that Chihuahuas are as capable of biting, or more capable of biting, as so-called pit bulls. What is trying to be said here is that there is no actually law on the breed of pit bulls its just a description and a very vague one at that, This law is very un organized, pit bulls are getting shipped out of Ontario and being pit down even when there not full pit bulls, they are mixes that fit the description. The original Bill 132 was passed on March 1, 2005, and received Royal Assent on March 9, 2005.The Bill prohibits individuals from owning, breeding, transferring, importing or abandoning pit bulls. Now that its 2012 the law has almost been considered being lifted completely it has in other provinces, Ontario is basically the only province that has not lifted it in Canada, and hopefully they let up soon, its unfair to all the breeders and pit bull lovers out there. In conclusion the Pit Bull has had a bad reputation since the mid 19 hundreds between the illegal dog fights and all the gangsters and terrible breeders using these dogs for attack dogs and to protect drugs, and money, and for intimidation, and ect. But truth is that killer breed has been gone for awhile now, its basically just mixes out there from bad breeders with bad owners, there is no such thing as a â€Å"bad† dog, every dog is capable of biting and being viscous, the pit bull is capable of being a good dog, pit bull owners all say, there dog is great with there kids and family and even strangers, other dogs are touchy but can be contained with proper training. Also it putting good breeders out of a job is unfair because they can be breeding great dogs not even the killer ones. It violates their rights and they have been fighting for them back since 2005. The Law is cruel and unusual and should be lifted. Work Cited 1.Arland Kent, pit bulls fighting there historical bad rep, April 2010, www.streetdirectory.com 2. Mrgrimwig, Why do pit bulls attack?, august 12, 2011, www.mrgrimwig.hubpages.com 3. Unknown, 10 common misconceptions about pit bulls. Febuary 10th, 2009, www.dogster.com 4. CBC news team, Pit bull ban begins, August 29th 2005, www.CBC.ca 5. Aaron Hall, Pitbull ban close to being lifted, February 24th 2012, www.ckdp.com

Power And Powerlessness Essay

When I hear the word power many thoughts come to mind, but I feel power has many different forms. We could assume that power means more money, a bigger title, a corner office, a more generous budget, or â€Å"a seat at the table†. But that may not be true for everyone. For some, power may mean having the ability to control one’s career destiny in keeping with personal values and interests. Or power could mean having the opportunity to be creative as a project lead without too much interference from others. Or power could mean making decisions with trust and autonomy, such that no one can easily override your decisions. To me, power is control and the capacity to bring about change. For example, the United States government, they control everything and also other countries. Our government has the power to create and print money, regulate interstate and international trade, make treaties and conduct foreign policies, declare war, provide an army and navy, establish post o ffices, and make laws necessary to carry out these powers. In addition to their elusive powers, both the national government and state governments share the power of being able to; collect taxes, build roads, borrow money, establish court’s, make and enforce laws, charter banks and corporations, spend money for general welfare, and take private property for public purposes. Power is also acquired through possession or acquisition of the following resources: authority, money, status, knowledge, professional degrees, goods, services, votes, public support, information, ability to influence the media, and relationships with powerful people. Power can be derived from one’s authority to make decisions in organization s or by virtue of one’s gender, ethnicity, social class, or personal attributes, such as appearance and charisma. People often acquire power by establishing alliances and coalitions with others to support or oppose various policies or decision-making options. Workers in social service organizations also acquire power because they often decide whether individual clients receive services, resources, or referrals. But how would it feel to not have power, a sensation of being out of control with no apparent solution to help you to regain control, powerlessness. When the lack of capability to affect the realities of life that you can’t control such as; how others act towards you, if you will get a job you want, what the weather will be like, or if an accident will occur. Powerlessness can be simply defined as the absences of power resources. However, the â€Å"Mother† of empowerment practice, Barbara Solomon (1976), defines powerlessness as a product of the interaction between individuals and the social structures that limit life opportunities for them: Powerlessness is defined here as the inability to manage emotions, skills, knowledge, and/or material resources in a way that effective performance of valued social roles will lea d to personal gratification. The power deficiency so often seen among minority individuals and communities stems from a complex and dynamic interrelationship between the person and his relatively hostile social environment. When you feel powerless, you feel afraid to express your needs because you fear that what little you have will be taken from you. You may have learned powerlessness if you were kept in powerless positions repeatedly and/or over long periods of time, possibly during childhood, by those who used external forces (money, physical strength, legal status, and/or military force) to control you. You may have been abused as a child, a partner or spouse, an employee, a soldier, or you may have been the victim of racial or ethnic attacks. Such prolonged abuse can cause you to become afraid to feel even your own needs, to admit to yourself that you need something, you become immobilized and in certain critical ways you stop growing, you cease to thrive. When powerlessness is â€Å"learned†, it becomes self-perpetuating, even if the external forces are no longer there. An abused child may grow up to feel permanently powerless as an adult, even though his or her parents no longer have physical or economic power over him or her. One may then enter into a situation that repeats childhood experiences such as; living with or marrying an abusive partner, and therefore keeping oneself in externally imposed danger. Or one may keep oneself down through self-abuse, compulsive behaviors, and depression because the powerlessness has become internalized. The first step to overcoming learned powerlessness is to learn to feel entitled to your personal rights. You have the right to live a life free from physical, emotional, sexual, and financial mistreatment. You have the right to be treated with respect, to earn a livable income, to be informed of matters that affect you, and to express yourself freely, without harming others. Most importantly, you have the right to ask for what you need, even though you may be turned down, and to fight for what you need and want, even if you are turned down. Most people who have learned powerlessness barely feel entitled to speak, let alone to speak freely. Often professional therapy is necessary to overcome the ingrained patterns. Never the less, to overcome learned powerlessness, you must gradually, but persistently lay claim to each and every human right, one after the other. The purpose of the empowerment approach is to help people overcome feelings powerlessness by acquiring power. Mondros and Wilson (1994) differentiate power from â€Å"empowerment† by arguing that this second concept is actually a psychological state that â€Å"allows one to pursue concrete activities aimed at becoming powerful.† The literature on empowerment in organizations focuses on two distinct categories of organizations actors: program beneficiaries and staff members. Rapp, She ra, and Kisthardt (1993) define empowerment in individual clients as; confidence, control, decision authority, influence, autonomy, and self-trust.† According to Shera and Page (1995), empowerment of employees in organizations can be defined as, â€Å"a process of enhancing self-efficacy among organizational members through the identification of conditions that foster powerlessness and through their removal by both formal organizational practices and informal techniques that provide efficacy information.† Empowerment in the social services can take place within the context of relationships between workers and clients, within the organization’s formal decision-making structure, and within the contact between the organization and institutions or groups in its external environment. It should be noted that empowerment in organizations involves the redistribution of resources such as decision-making authority or goods and services. Therefore, in addition to producing specific outcomes, empowerment is a political process. Staff members may feel they will lose power and authority to make service decisions if clients are treated as equal partners in the decision-making process. Because one of the primary assumptions of empowerment in direct social work practice is to reduce feelings of powerlessness by increasing personal self-perceptions of one’s own power, the model focuses on facilitating the acquisition of leadership skills and actual political power among agency clientele. Staff members also acquire power through participation in organizational decision-making and by advocating for improvements in organizational policies and services. The organization gains political power as constituents become empowered to advocate for changes in government policies and campaign for meaningful social change. In conclusion, power, powerlessness, and empowerment all have a different meaning and serve a different purpose but each one has a powerful meaning in its own way.

Banyan Tree Research Essay

1. Growth and development of Banyan Tree. Banyan Tree Holdings Limited is a leading, international hospitality brand that manages and develops premium resorts, hotels and spas. From a single boutique resort in Phuket in 1994, Banyan Tree has grown into a multi-business operator globally. Listed on the Singapore Stock Exchange since 2006, the group currently consists of 30 hotels and resorts, over 60 spas 80 retail galleries and two golf courses in 27 countries, with aggressive expansion plans for the future. Below shows the milestone of Banyan Tree Resort: Banyan Tree Group garnered some 117 international awards and accolades in 2010, bringing the total number of awards it has received close to 640 since the first Banyan Tree property opened in Phuket in 1994. In 2010, Banyan Tree Phuket and its Spa continue to be recognised by industry experts, having won 14 prestigious awards and accolades The Banyan Tree organization has seen very dynamic and expansive growth in the last few years. Banyan Tree attributes is success as a company to their strong brand recognition, command pricing, and superb management. Revenues increased from $187.3 (million) in 2005 to 335.3 (million) in 2006, which is an increase of 79%. In 2007, Revenue increased another 26% to $429, 859 (million). 2. Success factors of Banyan Tree Banyan Tree Capital has its own dedicated construction, project management and cost management capabilities, enabling it to fulfill the role of a developer and assume full ownership of any projects. * Brand Building Branding has started right from the locations of the Banyan Tree resorts and has been consistent through the designs, the facilities offered, and the ambience created in each of the resorts. In line with the â€Å"romantic escape for couples† theme, Banyan Tree has placed a strong emphasis on the locations as a key element of the brand identity. The company has chosen exotic locations with exclusive access to sun-bathed beaches, exciting environment around and a good transportation infrastructure to connect the resorts to the main destination highlights. * Company Growth and Health The Banyan Tree is a rapidly growing company with lots of investment all across the globe. Their expanding nature, coupled with a positive stock price, solid financial earnings, and continual success at all resort locations, is exceptional in the competitive hotel and resort industry. Not many hotel companies can brag about recent success like the Banyan Tree. * Good Brand communications Banyan Tree promotes their product through mass international media. They invite travel editors and writers who could potentially increase editorial coverage on Banyan Tree to use the service. This can make â€Å"Banyan Tree Experiences† distribute to people by word of mouth and it is more effective. It is also make brand awareness and brand value that generated largely through public relations and global marketing programs. * Being a socially responsible and environmentally sensitive organization Banyan Tree Exercise caution with respect to the environmental impacts of their operations, and taking an active role in the protection and remediation of our global ecosystem. * Creating a good culture By combining the Asian culture and heritage with world-class service and luxury, Banyan Tree has been able to build a brand that has appealed to people across countries in Asia and beyond, and successfully been capitalizing on the pan-Asian sentiment. 3. Marketing Strategies * Collaboration with marketing agencies Banyan Tree Holdings appointed a few key wholesalers in each targeted market and worked closely with them to promote sales. Rather than selling through wholesale and retail agents that catered to the general market, they chose to work only with agents specializing in exclusive luxury holidays targeted at wealthy customers. Global exposure was also achieved through Banyan Tree’s membership in the Small Luxury Hotels and Leading Hotels of the World. Targeting high-end consumers, they represent various independent exclusive hotels and have sales offices in major cities around the world. * Winning awards Banyan Tree resort management believe that to publicize their properties, word of mouth is more important than advertisement. Therefore, one of the marketing strategies they adopting is to win awards. Banyan Tree sought recognition in service, innovation and, more importantly, its environmental efforts. To date, it has won more than 570 awards, with two given last week for its excellence in social and environmental responsibility. * Expanding Brand portfolio Banyan Tree to come out with a brand extension in the form of Angsana Resorts (launched in 2000), targeted towards young families and at different price points – typically 20-30% lower than Banyan Tree resorts themselves. It also operates stand-alone Angsana Spas. These measures not only allow Banyan Tree to increase its awareness in new markets and gain international momentum, but also create a strong platform for a portfolio of sub-brands that can be a source of long-term revenue generation. * Online marketing Banyan Tree sets up company website to conveniently update latest information and offers for customers. In additional, the online website allows customers to do bookings for their holidays. Online bookings rapidly increase over the year and it definitely generated more revenue. 4. Future Challenges * Competition There is only one other resort that is comparable to the Banyan Tree: Amanpulo. Amanpulo is situated on a private island in Palawan. The island boasts white sand, crystal clear water and tropical vegetation. They, too, respond to a leisurely lifestyle for the affluent and rich worldwide. In addition, Amanpulo is just as concerned as we are in building environmentally friendly and aesthetically pleasing resorts. * Copycats The market is crowded with many entrants running similar branded resorts in the upper-end. Particularly in Asia Pacific, where Banyan Tree has its stronghold and traditional base, new entrants are facing only small barriers-of-entry other than huge capital requirements and availability of good locations. A new entrant can always try to copy the â€Å"romance-intimacy-rejuvenation† theme and replicate the serene locations with beautiful villas providing it at lower prices to gain foothold in the market. * Natural Hazards The Philippines sits astride the typhoon belt, which means it’s prone to be struck by dangerous storms. In addition, the country is known to be home of active volcanoes. Other natural hazards known to occur are landslides, earthquakes and tsunamis. * Environmental Issues Existing issues that the Philippines are dealing with, and trying to combat, are uncontrolled deforestation, soil erosion, air and water pollution, coral reef degradation and increasing pollution of coastal mangrove swamps.

CHINA Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

CHINA - Assignment Example 244). It is, therefore, vital to find out how China has been able to change its economic geography to become a global economic market. The emergence of China and its transformation has challenged many geographers. They are constantly seeking to find out the forces behind Chinas transformation (Williamson 54). Other questions that intrigue economic geographers are how transition and reforms shape regions and if the diverse regions of this country are getting equal benefits from this economic transition. Regional inequality is an important element in economic geography as it draws attention of the proponents of convergence and divergence economies (Zhang 247). On the other hand, it has been important to socialist countries like China that have gone through numerous transitions and reforms. China’s economic success is much attributed to its diversity in terms of size, identity and history. One of the pioneers in Chinas economic policies is Mao, who developed a unique regional policy for the country (Williamson 53). While emerging as an economic giant, China had to deal with the problem of regional inequality. The citizens were much worried of social stability and equity that made Chinese leaders fully to commit themselves to ensuring that they accelerate economic growth, especially in the most interior provinces (Xu and Tan 68). Thus, the Chinese government has increased infrastructure budgets for poorer provinces almost every year. Besides, the country’s growth after 1 978 indicated an existing gap between income and growth rates in the coastal and inland provinces. The divergent in China’s regional income finds its root from preferential policies (Fan and 299). Though the inland provinces did not benefit much from these policies, China’s economy depends on the coastal towns. By focusing on coastal towns, this country has been able to engage in international trades thus transforming it into a market

Crime Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Crime - Assignment Example The Supreme Court argued that based on the school administrators say, they needed to maintain discipline and order at school. T.L.O possession of cigarettes was enough to determine if she was truthful as she was caught in the bathroom and then taken to the office. That was reasonable to assume that there were cigarettes in her purse. The deputy principal, therefore, had enough reasons to suspect rules had been broken prompting a search immediately. As deputy principal searched for the cigarettes, he noted the evidence for drugs was in plain view. A condition where the evidence is in plain view gives an exception to the Fourth Amendment. The reasonable search for drugs led to discovery of drug related materials. The search further continued to reveal the cigarette rolling papers and the bag of marijuana (Bosher, Cate & Richards 3-5). The case followed the constitutional requirements where personal rights particularly the Fourth Amendment should not be violated and at the same time social order is maintained. Following the right procedures with bring sanity to school environments. Bosher, William C., Kate R. Kaminski, and Richard S. Vacca. The school law handbook what every leader needs to know. Alexandria, Va.: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, 2004.

National Security Affairs of Iraq Research Paper

National Security Affairs of Iraq - Research Paper Example This conflict has greatly divided the national purpose of Iraq. The Iraq’s National Security Affairs can be termed as having a complex framework characterized by burdensome issues associated with untangling and security issues connected to terrorist groups. The country has also been linked to most of the criminal events in the Middle East. Despite the above situation, the Iraq’s political scene is trying its level best to keep afloat through associating with other nations such as the United States. Its internal security is under complete control by its army following the withdrawal of American troops. The government has however admitted that it has along way to go in terms of attaining a stable national security especially in relation to technical issues in its intelligence apparatus. The Iraq’s army is not yet qualified to maintain peace and order in the country as it is still unsuited for such duties. In relation to the international community especially other Arab Spring countries, its foreign policy has not yet been fully established and this has led to fluid situations in such Arab countries preventing Iraq from attaining a stable approach with regards to its foreign policy. Cases like those witnessed in Syria have resulted to a sectarian dimension that has resulted to an acute effect on Iraq following its diverse sectarian composition. Despite the American withdrawal from Iraq, the two countries have maintained a close tie especially when it comes to Iraq’s National Security with America in full support of her security affairs. IDEOLOGY The Ideology of Iraq stems from the radical Islamists who are pursuing a vision that they believed to be universalists with regards to Sharia Law. They came out strongly seeking the interpretation of this law with regards to the war. According to the Sharia Law, the people’s voice had no position in any political system that obey the rules made by God (Ali 2009). This conflicting position left the mood of the public to be variable yet the law was external. The war against liberalism believed to be waged by the al-Qaeda as well as its affiliates represents a political manifestation of the mindset that resisted Westernization and globalization. The al-Qaeda had a number of complains with regards to American culture and the impact it had on the Iraq people. The American culture was looked at as to be resulting in immorality, hypocrisy and polytheism among the Iraq people Iraq had been closely associated with the Activities of Osama Bin Laden and that led to most of the international countries to declare war on Iraq with the USA being on the fore front. The United States under President Bush was against the democracy principles employed in the country at that time as well as all the leaders who were out to enact it. The International community was agitating for democratic elections to be held which would ensure that the existing government as well as the popular soverei gnty was eliminated now that the two had led to deviation and infidelity to the true desirable path (Ali 2009). Consequently the international community was ready to fight any person or force that was after malicious ideology and referred to such forces as infidels.